Class – 9 English Guide [Teachers’ Notes] New Curriculum

Introduction

This class – 9 English Guide has been prepared as a teacher’s note to help students and the English language teachers to carry out the lesson easily. Students and teachers are requested to not rely on the given sample answers but rather use their original creativity which will foster better language ability. However, it is expected, the guise will definitely direct you in the right direction of reading comprehension and the appropriate grammar.

Click the ⇒ To Access the Exercises

Unit – I Travel and Holidays

Reading I

Poon Hill Yoga Trek in Nepal

Look at the picture and answer the questions.

What do you think the man in the picture doing?

Answer: The man in the picture is sitting on the lap of the Himalayas and doing Yoga.

Are you planning to travel or go on a holiday this year?

Answer: Yes, I am planning to go on holiday this year. I will go to Chitlang which is in Makawanpur district.

A. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.

Column A              Column B

magnificent      vi. extremly attractive and impressive.

glaciers             v. rivers of ice

hotspot              vii. a place of significant activity

astonished        ii. surprised; amazed

enchanting       i. charming

flora and fauna    iii. plants and animals

perennial          iv. everlasting; never-ending

B. Circle the best answer.

a. What are the visitors expected to achieve the most in this package holiday?

i. enjoyment of panoramic views of mountain and landscapes

ii. plenty of physical activity in the lap of nature

iii. self-transformation with Yoga in serene hill stations

b. What will the visitors do on the first day of their tour?

i. go to Pokhara

ii. discuss the programme

iii. practise Yoga for an hour

Where will they stay on the fourth day?

i. at Tikhedhunga

ii. at Banthanti

iii. at Ghorepani

What is the destination of the visitors on the sixth day?

i. Ghorepani

ii. Tadapani

iii. Deurali

Which place will the tourists visit last as a part of the package?

i. Ghandruk

ii. Nayapul

iii. Pokhara

C. Answer the following questions.

a. List any two advantages of the Yoga trek in the Nepali hilly region.

⇒The list of two advantages of the Yoga Trek in Nepali hilly region are:

1. it strengthens body, mind and soul and
2. it provides a chance to enjoy the attractive natural environment.

b. Who can take part in this Yoga trek programme?

⇒ Tourists, visitors or anybody interested can take part in this Yoga trek programme.

c. What would you enjoy the most in Ghandruk if you were one of the visitors? Why?

⇒ Ghandruk is a Gurung village which is the most interesting ethnic village in Nepal famous for its Gorkha soldiers. I would enjoy its excellent close-up views of Annapurna South and Machhapuchhre Himalayas most if I were one of the visitors.

d. How many days do the visitors do Yoga during the programme?

⇒ The visitors do Yoga for five days during the programme.

e. How is the Yoga hour mainly managed every day on this holiday trek?

⇒ The Yoga hour is mainly managed every day after tea on this holiday trek.

Grammar I

A. Study the following sentences.

A: Did you call your mother? B: Oops, I’ve forgotten! I’ll do it right now.

I can’t decide what to wear tonight. I think I’ll wear my pink saree.

The bus will arrive here soon.

They have bought a lot of chocolates. They are going to have a party.

They are packing luggage. They are going to enjoy their vacation.

The sky is overcast. It is going to rain.

I’m meeting Jane at 8 o’clock on Saturday.

A: We’re having a party next Saturday. Would you like to come?

B: I’d love to. But I’m quite busy that day.

I’m visiting my grandparents next week.

Are you doing anything interesting this weekend?

Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.

It’s really hot here. ……. a window.

I’ll open  ii. I’m opening

I’ve told my bank to close my account. ………. an account in another bank.

I’ll open      ii. I’m going to open

A: Would you take tea or coffee?

B: ……… coffee, please.

I’ll have  ii. I’m going to have

I’ve decided that ……… to the class teacher about my family situation.

I’ll speak    ii. I’m going to talk

What ……… when you complete your studies?

are you going to do           ii. will you do

I’m tired of the way he charges me so much for photocopies. _____ a cheaper one.

I’m going to look for    ii. I’ll look for

I would love to go out with you tomorrow but ……… dinner with Dolma.

I’ll have  ii. I’m having

I can’t come to class next Monday.………a tooth taken out.

I’ll have      ii. I’m having

Reading II Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

Look at the picture and answer the questions.

Where do you think the man in the picture is?

Why do you think he has stopped there?

Find the words from the text for the following meanings.

an area of trees, smaller than a forest – woods

strange or unusual – queer

the main house on a farm, usually where the farmer lives – farmhouse

a set of leather and metal pieces that is put around the body of a horse – harness

movement of the air – sweep

covered in something very soft – flake

B. Choose the best answer.

a. Why does the speaker stop while on the journey?

i. to watch the woods filled up with snow √

ii. to find food for his or her horse

iii. to say hello to the owner of the woods

iv. to go skating on a frozen lake

b. What is the setting of the poem?

i. the woods on a bright, snowy afternoon

ii. a village on a dark, snowy evening

iii. a frozen lake on a bright, snowy afternoon

iv. the woods on a dark, snowy evening √

c. Which one of the following statements is true?

i. The woods are far away from the village. √

ii. The woods are near some houses.

iii. The owner of the woods and speaker are friends.

iv. The speaker of the poem does not like the owner of the woods.

d. How did the horse respond when the speaker stopped there?

i. stood calm

ii. did nothing

iii. shook its harness √

iv. asked the speaker a question

e. What does ‘miles to go before I sleep’ mean?

i. The speaker feels tired and sleepy.

ii. The speaker has lots of desires to fulfill.

iii. The speaker has lots of responsibilities to fulfill. √

iv. The speaker has a long distance to travel.

C. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the box to complete the summary of the poem.

promises    traveller     journey       death   the woods  destination

The poet compares human life with a journey the speaker of the poem is a traveller He has to reach his destination before taking a rest. However, he is distracted by the momentary pleasure in the form of the woods His companion, the horse, reminds him of his promises in life. The speaker realizes that he has to fulfill many responsibilities before his death

Grammar II

Use the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets to complete the sentences.

As per the schedule, the train …………….… (leave) at 3 o’clock.

Look, that aeroplane is looking shaky! It ……………..…… (crash).

My daughter says she …………… (be) a doctor when she is older.

Tomorrow …………….……… (be) a sunny day, according to the weather forecast.

A: What ……….…… (do) tomorrow evening?

B: Nothing special. I think I ………….…… (stay) at home.

It’s very stuffy here. Don’t worry, I ………………..… (open) the windows for you.

Ann is driving. There is very little petrol left in the tank. The nearest petrol station is a long way from here. She …… (run) out of petrol.

There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. It is filling up with water quickly. It……………(sink).

is leaving

is going to crash

will be

will be

wii you do will stay

am opening

is going to run

is going to sink

Writing II

Write a letter to your friend describing your travel plans for your upcoming holiday or visit. Take help from the following questions to write your letter.

Unit 2 Health and Hygiene

Reading I – The Acceleration behind Telehealth Services

Before you read the interview below, answer these questions.

How do you get advice from a doctor?

What do you know about telehealth services?

A. The meanings of some of the words from the interview are given below. Find the words and fill in the crossword puzzle.

Across

• psychological treatment of people using dialogue PSYCHOTHERAPY
• the process of sorting patients TRIAGE
• to prepare and arrange to DEPLOY
• special department of a hospital for intensive care of patients ICU

Down

• to include as a part INCORPORATE
• identification of nature and cause of a disease DIAGNOSE
• not having sufficient service UNDERSERVE
• epidemic over a wide geographical area PANDEMIC

B. Read the interview again and write whether the following statements are True or False.

a. Internet service is necessary to use telehealth services. True

b. While providing telehealth services, health professionals are at high risk of being infected due to exposure to patients.  False

c. Telehealth service can be the best alternative to face-to-face service. False

d. The problem with the lack of medical staff will be solved greatly with telehealth technology. True

e. The success of telehealth programmes depends on the infrastructure and the best use of IT tools. True

Answer the following questions.

a. What is telehealth service?

⇒ Telehealth is a method of providing medical care remotely, usually through video chat.

b. What are the advantages of using telehealth programmes?

⇒The advantages of using telehealth programmes are they can be faster, safer, more effective and less expensive.

c. Why, according to Dr. Chang, is the telehealth service growing rapidly?

⇒According to Dr. Chang, the telehealth service is growing rapidly because of global COVID 19 pandemic which forced to keep social distancing and minimal physical contact.

d. How is the telehealth programme important during a pandemic?

⇒ It is important during pandemic, where telehealth has allowed access to medical care without going to hospitals to protect patients and hospital staff from being exposed to the infection.

e. Why are the patients in remote areas not getting adequate health services?

⇒ The patients in remote areas are not getting adequate health services because of the lack of monitoring.

f. Mention the top three challenges of telehealth services.

⇒ The top three challenges of telehealth services are lack of infrastructure, insufficient hardware and the right technology for each specialty.

Grammar I

Study what the people in the picture are saying.

Choose the correct answer.

I need help, doctor. My baby doesn’t sleep well. What …………. ?

i. had I better do            ii. should I do            iii. I should do

The aeroplane only allows two pieces of luggage. You …………… pack too much or you will have to take it out at the airport!

i. had better not          ii. better not           iii. had not better

A: I think that the grade my teacher gave me on my test is wrong.

B: Really? You ……………….. to her after class today.

should to talk              ii. ought to talk     iii. ought talk

It’s raining and I don’t want to get my dress wet. I…………..an umbrella.

had better not take       ii. had better to take

iii. had better take

Dinesh loves chocolate, but he ………………..too much or he will put on weight.

shouldn’t eat            ii. should eat not   iii. should eat

My mother isn’t feeling well, so I told her that she …………. to the doctor.

ought go           ii. ought to go               iii. ought

A: It’s so hot.

B: You ……………your jacket!

i. should take off     ii. should put on      iii. should to take off

I’m going to visit your country. Where …………. if I want to go shopping?

should I go  ii. I should go              iii. ought to I go

Reading II – Health is Wealth

Look at the picture and answer these questions.

Who do you think the person in the picture is; a king or a wrestler? Why?

How has he put on so much weight?

Do you think he is healthy?

Answer:

The person in the picture is a king because he has worn the crown.

He has put on so much weight because of his lazy manner and his habit of eating a lot.

No, I don’t think he is healthy. He might have various problems due to obesity.

Exercise

A. Learn these words and complete the sentences with them.

benevolent       couch potato    obesity    devotee   strenuous

a. ………….. can increase the risk of heart disease because obese people are likely to suffer from heart problems.

b. My father is kind, helpful and generous. He has a…………….. attitude.

c. Take rest for a week. Avoid tasks which require ………. physical activity.

d. I like God Shiva. I’m actually a ………………… of him.

e. My younger sister is a great ………… She can watch TV 24 hours a day.

Answer

obesity

benevolent

strenuous

devotee

couch potato

B. Answer the following questions.

a. Why did people not like the king though he was kind?

⇒People did not like the king though he was kind because he was very lazy and wouldn’t do anything other than eating and sleeping.

b. Why were the specialists called to the palace and offered huge prizes?

⇒ The specialists were called to the palace and offered huge prizes to make the king fit and healthy.

c. Why did the minister become so happy?

⇒ The minister become so happy because the holyman told him that he could easily cure the king.

d. Why did the holyman tell the king to come to his place on foot for treatment?

⇒ The holyman told the king to come to his place on foot for treatment because the king would become thin due to hard physical exercise.

e. Why did the holyman disappear after the first meeting with the king?

⇒ The holyman disappeared after the first meeting with the king because he wanted the king to repeat the physical exercise again and again.

f. How did the king recover his health?

⇒ The king recovered his health by walking a long distance regularly on foot.

g. What lesson did you learn from the story?

⇒ The lesson I learnt from the story is, “We must do physical exercise.

E. Retell the story to your friends, making the queen the main character.

Grammar II

A. Study these sentences.

The king would be treated only if he came on foot to the holy man’s residence.

If Sarita had an android mobile phone, she would join the virtual classroom.

If the king had lived an active life, his health would not have worsened.

Had she studied hard, she would have secured the best result.

If we had listened to the radio, we would have heard the news.

It would not surprise me if he knew the answer.

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.

I had seen Tshering a few minutes ago. If you had come round earlier, you ……(see) him too.

I wish I were a bird. If I were a bird, I ….. (fly) round the world.

Provided that you……(be) twenty, you could play the match.

George was happy that he came to Nepal. If he hadn’t, he ….(not see)  Mt. Everest.

What would you do if you …(win) the lottery of Rs. 1,00,000?

Seema missed the bus to go home. If she ….(come) in time, she would have caught the bus.

She would lose weight if she ….. (not eat) a lot of sweets.

They might have helped you if you ….(ask) them.

If he …(drive) more carefully, he might not have had that accident.

If everyone ….(turn) off unwanted lights, we could save a lot of electricity.

Answer:

would have seen

would fly

were

wouldn’t see

won

had come

did not eat

had asked

had driven

turned

Complete each sentence in a suitable way.

If you had studied well, ……………..

If you asked me, ……….

If we had gone to the cinema, ………….

If you spoke English, ………….

If they listened to me, ………………

………………….. if I had your address.

………………….. I would have taken part in the contest.

………………….. we would walk to the museum.

………………. if there were not many sharks there.

………………. if she had taken the right bus.

Answer:

If you had studied well, you would have passed the exam.

If you asked me, I would answer it.

If we had gone to the cinema, we would have enjoyed the movie.

If you spoke English, he would understand you.

If they listened to me, I would describe in detail.

I would come there if I had your address.

If I had practiced hard, I would have taken part in the contest.

If you promised to come, we would walk to the museum.

Tourists wouldn’t come if there were not many sharks there.

She would have arrived in time if she had taken the right bus.

Unit -III Family, Market and Public Place

What do you think these pictures are related to? How do people make requests in these situations?

Answer: In the first picture, the man is taking photographs, in the second picture, they are buying goods and in the third picture they are walking in the departure lounge.

Reading I – Thomas & Jerry

Look at the picture below and answer the following questions.

What do you see in the picture?

Answer: In the picture we see an old man and two boys. Probably the boys are leaving the house.

What is more important for you; family or work or both? Why?

Answer: For me both family and work are important.

A. The words in red in the story correspond to the meanings below. Find the words and write them.

a load, typically a heavy one = burden

came near = approached

so shocked that one is temporarily unable to react = stunned

left, especially in order to start a journey = departed

a burial ground = graveyard

very strange; bizarre = weird

satisfied = content

shined with energy or happiness = radiated

moved or ran somewhere suddenly or rapidly = scurried

B. Read the story again and decide whether the following statements are true or false.

a. Jerry did not use to get letters from his son. False

b. The neighbours helped Jerry find the way to meet his son. True

c. Thomas was eager to meet his father in his office. False

d. Thomas asked his father to stay with him for a week. True

e. Thomas felt bad to see his father in his workplace. False

f. The story tries to show that parents’ happiness is tied up with their children’s success and happiness. True

C. Answer the following questions.

a. Why did Jerry go to the city?

b. What did the father want from his son?

c. Did the father come back to the village happily? Why?

d. What made Thomas decide to visit his father?

e. Why did Jerry take the loan?

f. Why did Jerry return home without telling his son about the loan?

g. What lesson do you learn from this story?

Answer:

He went to city to visit his son.

The father wanted his son to go to his home to visit his mother.

The son did not agree to fulfill his father’s request because he was busy in his work

Smiling and polite behavior of his father made Thomas decide to visit his father.

Jerry took the loan for the study of his son.

Jerry didn’t want to add burden to his son so he returned home without telling his son about the loan.

We learn the lesson “We must give priority to our family” from the story.

Have you ever witnessed or heard such an  event similar to the one in the story?  Share it in small groups.

Grammar I

Study the following examples about making requests and offers along with their responses.

‘Can I help you?’ ‘Yes, sure.’

‘Would you like some help?’ ‘Yes, of course.’

‘Wouldyou like to come for lunch this weekend?’ ‘Oh, I’d love to, thank you.’

‘Can you help me with this desk for a moment?’  ‘Yes, sure. Where do you want to put it?’

‘Could you say congratulations to your brother on my behalf?

Complete the following conversations using can, could and would.

A: …… I get you something to drink?

B: Yes, please. A glass of lemonade for me.

A:…….. you tell me where the nearest community school is, please?

B: I’m sorry, I’m not from around here.

A:  ……………. you like me to answer the phone?

Yes, please, that …… be lovely.

A: I’ve finished my homework. …….. I play now?

B: OK. You may.

A: ….. I come round to your house sometime later?

B: Well, actually, my dad’s not feeling well. Maybe another time.

A: ……. you mind passing me that register, please?

B: Yes, of course. Here you go.

A: …….. you like me to talk to the head teacher?

B: Oh. Yes please! …… you?

A: ……… you lend me Rs. 200, please?

B: I suppose so, but I need it back before next month.

A: ……you mind if I used your pen, madam?

B: Not at all, go ahead.

Answer:

Can

Could

Would

Can

Could

Would

Would, Could

Could

Would

Writing I 

Write a letter to the head teacher of your school on behalf of your class requesting  him/her to organise an inter-house volleyball tournament in your school. Make requests for managing all required sporting goods for the tournament.

SAMPLE

Body paragraph

…………………………………………………………………

………………The match will be played among the four houses in the school. It will start after school on Friday. We have requested Mr. Chulung Chaudhary, our sports teacher to help us conduct the match. Mr. Chaudhary is planning to ask three of our senior students to help him. We are thinking of doing the preliminary round of the match on Friday. We plan to do the quarter final and semi final on Monday as it is a public holiday. The final will take place next Friday. The house captains are thinking of forming volunteer team of students to maintain discipline and help the match run smoothly. As Mr. Chaudhary has allowed us, we will be using the school playground and the ball as well as the net.  We have also requested Ms. Manmaya. She is thinking of being the umpire for us. Besides, she is planning to appoint two of the students to keep the score. We hope the play will be great. We, the students in Ashigram Nature Club, would like to ask you to be the chief guest at the programme and encourage the students for better play in a sporting manner.

Thanking you———

……………………………………………………….                          

Reading II – Dance

Look at the picture and answer these questions.

What types of dance are they performing?

In which part of Nepal is the most popular?

Answer:

They are performing cultural dance as Tharu dance and Jhyaure dance.

They are popular in Terai and Hilly regions.

A. Find words from the story which are similar in meaning to the words given below.

man         ………..     ………….. …………… ……………

came       ………..     …………

clothes    ………… ………..

Answer:

man             lad  chap   fellow

came           approached arrived

clothes        dress trousers

B. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given and complete the sentences.

a. The storyteller is probably…

i. a comedian

ii. a musician

iii. an actor

b. When he arrived at the disco, he first…..

i. saw his grandmother

ii. saw some guys dancing

iii. saw a beautiful girl

c. Now his age may be about…

20 years ii. 30 years      iii. 40 years

The lovely girl….

didn’t dance  at all  ii. became nervous iii. danced at last

The story can be best described as…

humorous       ii. serious   iii. sad

Answer:

a comedian

saw

40 years

danced at last

humorous

Recall the time that you first danced. Share your experience with your friends.

Grammar II

A. Match the sentence halves to make full sentences.

Answer:

I’d like to rent an apartment.

Would it be possible to invite my cousin?

Would you be able to get me a ticket for the concert?

Could you recommend a good dentist?

Can I book a table for six?

Would you like me to call a taxi?

B. Complete the sentences below in any way you like to make requests or offers.

a. Would you like me to call my sister to the party?

b. Can I enter the temple without flower?

c. Could you help me to solve the problem?

d. Would it be possible to go to the park without entrance ticket?

d. Would you mind opening the window?

e. Could you possibly open the door?

f. Would you like me to pass the compass?

Writing II

In Nepali culture, there are many occasions people dance. The Gurung Community has Rodhighars, the Rai Community celebrates Chandi Naach, etc. Write a couple of paragraphs about any one of the dancing cultures or traditions in your community.

Unit 4- Life and Death

Reading I – Death is a Fiction

A. Find the words from the text that have the following meanings.

a. a thing that is imagined ⇒ fiction

b. a way of looking at something ⇒ dimension

c. to force somebody to leave ⇒ dislodge

d. faced somebody so that you could not avoid ⇒ confronted

e. to make somebody feel better ⇒  solace

B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

a. Death is a fiction created by human being.

b. Ultimately, we are moving straight to the grave

c. According to the speaker, death is guaranteed It is sure to happen.

d. Human beings have corrupted everything, and they have twisted it whichever way they want.

C. Answer the following questions.

a. According to the speaker, there is only life. How?

⇒According to the speaker, there is only life because no one has experienced it nor has a firsthand information from anybody.

b. According to the speaker, what is life?

⇒ According to the speaker, inhalation is life.

c. Why is there nothing wrong with death?

⇒ There is nothing wrong with death because it has to happen?

d. Why do we fear death?

⇒ We fear death because because we have no idea what it is.

e. Why do people have an idea of death?

⇒ People have an idea of death because people have been talking about it without knowing about it.

D. What is your view on death? Write a short paragraph.

Death is the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain an organism. For organisms with a brain, death can also be defined as the irreversible cessation of functioning of the whole brain, including brainstem, and brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition of death. The remains of a former organism normally begin to decompose shortly after death. Death is an inevitable process that eventually occurs in almost all organisms. Death is generally applied to whole organisms; the similar process seen in individual components of an organism, such as cells or tissues, is necrosis. Something that is not considered an organism, such as a virus, can be physically destroyed but is not said to die. As of the early 21st century, over 150,000 humans die each day, with ageing being by far the most common cause of death.

Grammar I

A. Rewrite the following sentences using the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.

The winter ….. (follow)  the autumn season.

The human body……….(consist) of some 60 trillion individual cells.

Cows …..(feed) on grass.

He…… (earn) a handsome salary every month.

Akila……  (make) delicious cookies.

Arati and her husband……(live) in Singapore.

………. you…..(like) chocolate milk?

He …… (not want) to go to the movies.

My grandfather …….(adore) his pet dog.

Plants ……(need) water and sunlight for photosynthesis.

He……..(have)  a big apartment in Venice.

Answer:

The winter follows the autumn season.

The human body consists of some 60 trillion individual cells.

Cows feed on grass.

He earns a handsome salary every month.

Akila makes delicious cookies.

Arati and her husband live in Singapore.

Do you like chocolate milk?

He …… (not want) to go to the movies.

My grandfather adores his pet dog.

Plants need water and sunlight for photosynthesis.

He has a big apartment in Venice.

Make a statement or a question using these prompts. Use the present simple.

I/not/check/my emails when I get to school.

you/watch/the news on TV every day?

she/wear/a red dress.

you/have/a school bus?

what/you/want to drink?

you/not/need more reading practice.

your friend/not/like computer games.

mum/wash/car once a week.

Answer:

I don’t check my emails when I get to school.

Do you watch the news on TV everyday?

she wears a red dress.

Do you have a school bus?

What do you want to drink?

You do not need more reading practice.

Your friend doesn’t like computer games.

Mum washes  car once a week.

Change the following sentences into negative and question.

The swimming pool opens everyday at 9: 30 am.

I use my car very often.

John comes from Mexico.

I play the piano very well.

Ann watches television a lot.

I write to my parents every month.

This car breaks down every five hours.

Answer:

The swimming pool doesn’t open everyday at 9: 30 am.

Does the swimming pool open everyday at 9: 30 am?

I rarely use my car.

Do I often use my car?

John doesn’t come from Mexico .

Does John come from Mexico?

I don’t play the piano very well.

Do I play the piano very well?

Ann doesn’t watch television a lot.

Does Ann watch television a lot?

I don’t write to my parents every month.

Do I write to my parents every month?

This car doesn’t break down every five hours.

Does this car break down every five hours?

Reading II – Crossing the Bar

A. Find the words from the text for the following meanings.

Column A                           Column B

moaning                 i. complaining

boundless               ii. never-ending; infinite

twilight                   iii. dusk

embark                  iv. go on board

tho’                         v. though

bourne                    vi. a boundary; a limit

crost                       vii. crossed

B. Fill in the gaps with the words/phrases given below to complete the paraphrase of the poem.

I notice the sunset and evening star in the sky and hear a sound calling for me loud and clear. I hope that the sandbar will not be disturbed when I go out to sea.  Instead, I want to be carried out on a tide moving so slowly it seems almost asleep, and which is too swollen to make a sound. That’s what I want when I return home to the depths of the great unknown. Twilight comes with the evening bell, which will be followed by darkness. There don’t need to be any sad goodbyes when I go. Even though I’ll be going far from this time and place, floating on the tide of death, I hope to meet God , who has been like my pilot in this journey, when I’ve made it across the bar.

C. Answer the following questions.

a. Where does the speaker have to go crossing the sandbar?

⇒ The speaker has to go to the sea crossing the sandbar.

b. Why can’t the tide make a huge sound or create a lather?

⇒ The tide can’t make a huge sound or create a lather because he wants to move on a tide slowly.

c. What do the twilight and the evening bell suggest in the poem?

⇒ The twilight and the evening bell suggest the time of farewell in the poem.

d. Where is the speaker going without accepting sad goodbyes?

⇒ The speaker is going unknown home without accepting sad goodbyes.

e. Who is the only agent that helps the speaker to go far in his journey?

⇒ The pilot is the only agent that helps the speaker to go far in his journey.

f. Does the speaker fear death? Why/Why not?

⇒ The speaker doesn’t fear death because he has the hope to meet God.

g. What does the pilot symbolize?

⇒ The pilot symbolizes the God.

Grammar II

A. Complete the following sentences with the correct adverbs from the brackets.

I see one or two movies every week. I …. (often/never) ….. go to the movies.

I let my roommate borrow my car just once. I ………… (sometimes/rarely) ……….. let my roommate borrow my car.

Maria eats cereal for breakfast seven days a week. Maria …… (usually/always) …….. eats cereal for breakfast.

Four out of five visitors to the museum stay for three hours or longer. Museum visitors ……… (usually/seldom) ….. stay for at least three hours.

We occasionally have quizzes in history class. The teacher ……… (always/sometimes) …….. gives quizzes in history class.

Subina always misses the morning assembly. She …… (rarely/ never) ……. arrives at school on time.

In the desert, it rains only two days between May and September every year. It ……… (rarely/often) …….. rains there in the summer.

Rohit asks me to go to the winter camp, but I don’t accept his invitation. I ……… (seldom/often …….. go to the winter camp.

Lisa and Samrat go fishing at least three times a week. They ……… (usually/seldom) ………. go out to dinner with each other.

Answer

I see one or two movies every week. I …. (often/never) ….. go to the movies.

I let my roommate borrow my car just once. I ………… (sometimes/rarely) ……….. let my roommate borrow my car.

Maria eats cereal for breakfast seven days a week. Maria …… (usually/always) …….. eats cereal for breakfast.

Four out of five visitors to the museum stay for three hours or longer. Museum visitors ……… (usually/seldom) ….. stay for at least three hours.

We occasionally have quizzes in history class. The teacher ……… (always/sometimes) …….. gives quizzes in history class.

Subina always misses the morning assembly. She …… (rarely/ never) ……. arrives at school on time.

In the desert, it rains only two days between May and September every year. It ……… (rarely/often) …….. rains there in the summer.

Rohit asks me to go to the winter camp, but I don’t accept his invitation. I ……… (seldom/often) …….. go to the winter camp.

Lisa and Samrat go fishing at least three times a week. They ……… (usually/seldom) ………. go out to dinner with each other.

Rewrite the following sentences with the correct alternatives from the brackets.

Your friendship over the years and your support ……. (has/have) …….. meant a great deal to us.

Hamilton Family Center, a shelter for teenage runaways in San Francisco, ……… (offers/offer) ………. a wide variety of services.

One of the major sources of income of Trinidad ……. (is/are) ……. tourism.

The chances of your being promoted …. (is/are) …… excellent.

There …………… (was/were) …………… a Pokemon card stuck to the refrigerator.

Neither the professor nor his assistants …………… (was/were) ……………. able to attend the conference.

Many hours at the driving range …… (has/have) ……. led us to design golf balls with GPS locators in them.

Discovered in the soil of our city garden …….. (was/were) …… a button dating from the turn of the century.

Answer

Your friendship over the years and your support ……. (has/have) …….. meant a great deal to us.

Hamilton Family Center, a shelter for teenage runaways in San Francisco, ……… (offers/offer) ………. a wide variety of services.

One of the major sources of income of Trinidad ……. (is/are) ……. tourism.

The chances of your being promoted …. (is/are) …… excellent.

There …………… (was/were) …………… a Pokemon card stuck to the refrigerator.

Neither the professor nor his assistants …………… (was/were) ……………. able to attend the conference.

Many hours at the driving range …… (has/have) ……. led us to design golf balls with GPS locators in them.

Discovered in the soil of our city garden …….. (was/were) …… a button dating from the turn of the century.

Unit 5 – Ethics, Norms and Values

Reading I – Why I am Sorry Does not Always Translate

Look at the picture and answer the questions.

What does it say?

How do you apologise? Talk to your friends.

Answer:

⇒  It says, ‘I’m sorry’ which expresses an apology.

⇒  We apologise by saying ‘I’m sorry’.

A. Find the words/phrases from the text for the following meanings. The first letter has been given.

t………….. to have difficulty saying something clearly or correctly

e………… showing too much emotion

b………… became annoyed or offended

i………… accustomed to do something

c……….. the fact of being responsible

a…….. … a statement saying that you strongly believe something to be true

a………. to say or believe that something is the result of a particular thing

s……… connected with the meaning of words and sentences

n……… a very slight difference in meaning

Answer:

trip over

effusive

bristled

inured

culpability

assertion

attribute

semantic

nuance

B. Match the first halves in column A with their endings in column B to make complete sentences.

Column A                                          Column B

Americans didn’t show         i. less interested in a second research.

People are accustomed          ii. similar patterns in East Asian countries.

Japanese use an apology        iii. to an apology in Hong Kong.

American participants seemed     iv. sympathy to Akio Toyoda’s effusive

apologies.

Researchers found                 v. to repair their damaged relationship.

Answer:

Americans didn’t show             iv. sympathy to Akio Toyoda’s effusive

apologies.

People are accustomed             iii. to an apology in Hong Kong.

Japanese use an apology           v. to repair their damaged relationship.

American participants seemed i. less interested in a second research.

Researchers found                    ii. similar patterns in East Asian

countries.

C. Answer the following questions.

a. Why did Japan become annoyed with the US submarine commander?

⇒ Japanese became annoyed with the US submarine commander because he didn’t apologise after colliding with and sinking a Japanese fishing boat off Huwaii in 2001.

b. How do Americans and Japanese perceive an apology?

⇒ Americans see an apology as an admission of wrong doing whereas Japanese see it as an expression of eagerness to repair a damaged relationship with no culpability necessarily required.

c. What, according to the survey, is the average result of an apology in Japanese and American students?

⇒ According to the survey, the average result of an apology in Japanese students is 11.05 and in American students is 4.51.

d. What was displayed in a video show?

⇒ An applicant for an accounting job apologized for having deliberately field an incorrect tax return for a prior client was displayed in a video show.

e. Who was the respondents of the second study?

⇒ Undergraduates from both countries were the respondents of the second study.

f. How can the executives apply an apology?

⇒ The executives can apply an apology as a tool for facilitating recognitions resolving conflicts and repairing trust.

Grammar I

A. Read the text and underline the verb forms in present continuous tense.

Hello everybody! Look at this nice picture. Here is one of the moments I prefer when we are all together on a nice Sunday afternoon. But let me introduce myself! I’m Bob, I am standing in front of my father who is reading the newspaper.

Mum is listening to her favourite songs on the radio. My two sisters, Rose and Sally, are playing with their dolls. My grandfather is having a nap and granny is drinking a cup of tea. The cat is running after the birds as usual and only my cousins are doing real activities; Ken is watering Mum’s flowers and Mike is cleaning the windows. “Can you imagine that Sunday afternoon!”

Possible Answer:

Hello everybody! Look at this nice picture. Here is one of the moments I prefer when we are all together on a nice Sunday afternoon. But let me introduce myself! I’m Bob, I am standing in front of my father who is reading the newspaper.

Mum is listening to her favourite songs on the radio. My two sisters, Rose and Sally, are playing with their dolls. My grandfather is having a nap and granny is drinking a cup of tea. The cat is running after the birds as usual and only my cousins are doing real activities; Ken is watering Mum’s flowers and Mike is cleaning the windows. “Can you imagine that Sunday afternoon!”

Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.

Be quiet! The baby ……….. (sleep).

It ……….. (rain) cats and dogs here in the Monsoon season.

John is busy. He …………. (work) at the moment.

Please keep quiet, I ………………… (listen) to the radio. You know I …………….. (listen) to the news in the mornings.

What time …………. the first bus …………….. (leave) for Kathmandu?

I usually ……………… (not wear) a scarf, but today I ………….. (wear) one because it’s unusually cold.

She …………… (travel) to Dhangadhi next weekend.

Pasang is in the classroom at the moment. He …….. (study) History.

These days most people ….(write) emails instead of writing letters.

What sort of clothes ………… teenagers …………….(wear) nowadays?

k What ………… you …………….. (do) tonight? Would you like to come and watch the game?

You look worried. What …………..you……………. (think) of?

She usually drives a taxi. But today, she is …………. (drive) a lorry.

These kids …………. (not do) what I’ve asked them to do.

Possible Answer:

Be quiet! The baby is sleeping.

It is raining cats and dogs here in the Monsoon season.

John is busy. He is working at the moment.

Please keep quiet, I am listening to the radio. You know I listen to the news in the mornings.

What time does the first bus leave for Kathmandu?

I usually don’t wear a scarf, but today I am wearing one because it’s unusually cold.

She is travelling to Dhangadhi next weekend.

Pasang is in the classroom at the moment. He is studying History.

These days most people write emails instead of writing letters.

What sort of clothes do teenagers wear nowadays?

k What are you doing tonight? Would you like to come and watch the game?

You look worried. What are you thinking of?

She usually drives a taxi. But today, she is driving a lorry.

These kids are not doing what I’ve asked them to do.

Reading II

A. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.

Column A        Column B

disrupt                 i. to come out of a dark, confined or hidden place

crewmembers    ii. trouble or problem, especially concerning what you need orwould like yourself

hinder                 iii. to make it difficult for something to continue in the normal way

inconvenience   iv. to make it difficult for somebody to do something or for something to happen

emerge                v. all the people working on a ship, plane, etc.

Answer:

disrupt                 iii. to make it difficult for something to continue in the normal way

crewmembers    v. all the people working on a ship, plane, etc.

hinder                  iv. to make it difficult for somebody to do something or for something to happen

inconvenience    ii. trouble or problem, especially concerning what you need or would like yourself

emerge                 i. to come out of a dark, confined or hidden place

B. Answer the following questions.

Who has written the letter?

Who is it addressed to?

How long has JetBlue been serving its customers?

What was the main cause of inconvenience to the passengers?

What sort of service does this company promise?

What does the JetBlue Airways Customer Bill of Rights contain?

Answer:

David Neeleman has written the letter.

It is addressed to the customers of JetBlue.

It has been serving for seven years.

Winter ice storm was the main cause of inconvenience to the passengers.

This company promises to make the experience of flying happier and easier.

It contains the details of compensation.

Have you ever faced any problem when travelling on holidays or to

another village or town? Share it with your friends.

Grammar II

A. Use the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets to rewrite this text.

Sophiya (sit) in the classroom. Her teacher (stand) in front of the class teaching. But, Sophiya (do) something else. She is daydreaming. She (not be) in the class. She (dance) on a stage in front of hundreds of people. She (wear) a beautiful costume. She (tap) and twirling. She (spin) on one leg.

She (kick) her feet. She (leap) and (fly) through the air. The audiences (stand) on the floor. They (clap) and (shout) “Bravo! Bravo!!”.

“Sophiya?”

“Sophiya?” her teacher (call). He is not teaching anymore.

“Yes?” Shophiya (feel) a bit embarrassed. Her cheeks (get) red.

“Are you feeling okay? You (shout) ‘Bravo! Bravo! Bravo!’ in the class.”

“Sorry! I am just enjoying the class so much ‘Bravo! Bravo!’.”

Answer:

Use the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets to rewrite this text.

Sophiya sits in the classroom. Her teacher stands in front of the class teaching. But, Sophiya is doing something else. She is daydreaming. She is not in the class. She is dancing on a stage in front of hundreds of people. She is wearing a beautiful costume. She is tapping and twirling. She is spinning on one leg.

She is kicking her feet. She is leaping and flying through the air. The audiences are standing on the floor. They are clapping and are shouting “Bravo! Bravo!!”.

“Sophiya?”

“Sophiya?” her teacher is calling. He is not teaching anymore.

“Yes?” Shophiya feels a bit embarrassed. Her cheeks get red.

“Are you feeling okay? You shout ‘Bravo! Bravo! Bravo!’ in the class.”

“Sorry! I am just enjoying the class so much ‘Bravo! Bravo!’.”

B. Complete the sentences with the use of correct form of any relevant

verbs.

A: We ………. to the cinema tonight.

B: ………….with us?

A: I …………. on holiday two or three times a year.

B: That’s great! And where ……… this year?

I think it’s better to stay. It ………… and we ………….. an umbrella.

Who is that man? Why …………. at us? What …………..?

Tomorrow, I …………..my doctor in the morning.

Where’s John? He ………….. to a new song in this room.

Rita ………… hard all day yesterday but she …………… not ……….. today.

Nitu ……….. reading a story at the moment.

The plane …………… the runway now. You are too late.

I told you that I …………….. with you anymore. You’re simply not a team player.

Answer:

A: We are going to the cinema tonight.

B: Do you want to go with us?

A: I go on holiday two or three times a year.

B: That’s great! And where do you go this year?

I think it’s better to stay. It is raining and we don’t have an umbrella.

Who is that man? Why is he looking at us? What is he doing?

Tomorrow, I will visit my doctor in the morning.

Where’s John? He is recording to a new song in this room.

Rita was working hard all day yesterday but she is not doing it today.

Nitu is reading a story at the moment.

The plane is taking off the runway now. You are too late.

I told you that I won’t be with you anymore. You’re simply not a team player.

Unit 6 Custom and Culture

Unit 6 Custom and Culture

Reading I (page 65)

Answer these questions.

Describe death rituals in your culture.

Answer: In our culture, dead body is burnt on the side of the river and the ash of it and the place is cleaned after finishing.

Why do you think it is important?

Answer: It is important because dead body may smell and create pollution and disease.

Unit 6 Custom and Culture

Reading – I Sky Burials

A. Choose the words from the box that match with the given meanings from a – h.

…………    very great

…………    a state of great activity and strong emotion

…………    very unpleasant and filling with horror

…………    not allowed

…………    a sign of what is going to happen in the future

…………    very strong attraction

…………    involved in something with whole attention

h     …………    to make something into a fine powder

Answer:

profound very great

frenzy      a state of great activity and strong emotion

gruesome very unpleasant and filling with horror

forbidden not allowed

omen       a sign of what is going to happen in the future

fascination   very strong attraction

engrossed involved in something with whole attention

pulverise to make something into a fine powder

Write True for true statements and False for false ones.

Foreign visitors are welcome to see Sky Burial rituals.

The visitors are not allowed to take photos of the rituals.

The vultures took more than fifteen minutes to finish the entire corpse.

The Tibetans perceive the body as a vessel for the soul.

The youngest son of the writer was busy with his toys.

The author visited the burial sites with his wife and three children.

Answer:

Foreign visitors are welcome to see Sky Burial rituals. False

The visitors are not allowed to take photos of the rituals. True

The vultures took more than fifteen minutes to finish the entire corpse. False

The Tibetans perceive the body as a vessel for the soul. True

The youngest son of the writer was busy with his toys. False

The author visited the burial sites with his wife and three children. True

Answer the following questions.

Why did the author visit a traditional Tibetan Buddhist monastery?

What did the author see on the hill?

Why did the author give the iPad to his youngest son?

Describe the appearance of a Rogyapa, the body breaker.

What did the body breaker do after collecting the bones?

What is considered to be a bad sign?

Why did the author feel proud?

Answer:

The author visited a traditional Tibetan Buddhist monastery because he heard that he would see strange ritual there.

The author saw 100 vultures sitting on the hill.

The author gave the iPad to his youngest son to play computer games.

Rogyapa is Lama, a sacred person or the body breaker who has a knife to cut the dead body. He is dressed in dark red scarlet coloured coat with a black hood.

After collecting the bones, the body breaker begins to pulverise them with a mallet, and mixed. He mixes that with yak butter and barley flour. In one last gesture, he walks into the middle of the vultures and throws it high in the air.

If vultures don’t eat or leave the body parts, it is considered to be a bad sign.

The writer felt proud because of his children’s maturity and intelligence.

Research customs from other countries and talk about an interesting one with your friends.

Grammar I

Match the questions in column A with the answers in column B.

Column A                            Column B

Are you ready?                    i. Yes, it’s on the chair.

Can I carry something for you?       ii. Yes, of course.

May I use your phone?              iii. Yes, I’d love to.

Has anyone seen my bag?         iv. No, it’s OK. It’s not that heavy.

Would you like to come to a party?     v. Yes, nearly.

Answer:

Are you ready?                              v. Yes, nearly.

Can I carry something for you?       iv. No, it’s OK. It’s not that heavy.

May I use your phone?                   ii. Yes, of course.

Has anyone seen my bag?               i. Yes, it’s on the chair.

Would you like to come to a party?     iii. Yes, I’d love to.

How do you ask questions in these situations?

You want to know if it is raining.

You want to know if Harish plays football.

You want to know if the bus is on time.

You want to know if your friend, Ramesh went to the market yesterday.

You want to know if it is Tuesday today.

You want to know if your teacher opened your letter.

You want to know if your brother has gone to sleep.

You want to know if there will be a food party.

Answer:

Is it raining?

Does Harish play football?

Is the bus on time?

Did Ramesh go to the market yesterday?

Is it Tuesday today?

Did your teacher open your letter?

Has your brother gone to sleep?

Will there be a food party?

Circle the correct answer.

Are you busy today?

Yes, busy.              ii. Yes, I am.

Is it too hot in here for you?

No, it isn’t.             ii. No, I’m fine, thanks.

Tell me, did you steal my money?

No. I won’t             ii. No, I didn’t steal your money.

Can I carry your bags?

No, you can’t.   ii. It’s all right, thanks.

Answer:

Are you busy today?

Yes, I am.

Is it too hot in here for you?

No, it isn’t.

Tell me, did you steal my money?

No, I didn’t steal your money.

Can I carry your bags?

No, you can’t.

Write yes/no questions for these statements.

The family has got three mobile phones.

Januka works at the supermarket.

Anita is learning English.

The meeting will be held next Tuesday.

Tanka switched off the computer.

He went to the cinema yesterday.

Everyone is ready.

It is raining outside.

Vicky’s lost her credit card.

She’d done the work on time.

Answer:

Has the family got three mobile phones?

Does Januka work at the supermarket?

Is Anita learning English?

Will the meeting be held next Tuesday?

Did Tanka switch off the computer?

Did he go to the cinema yesterday?

Is anyone ready?

Is it raining outside?

Has Vicky lost her credit card?

Had she done the work on time?

Reading II Surprising Culture

Answer these questions:

Is there any unique custom in your community? What is it?

Answer: Yes, there is a unique custom in our community. Juniors bow and keep head on the feet of seniors.

Why is it unique?

Answer: It is unique because such kind of tradition is not found in other parts of the world.

A. Find the words from the text that match the following meanings.

……………….    a natural desire

…………….        the rules of correct or polite behaviour in society

……………….    people who work in a bar, serving drinks

……………….    to become twisted

Answer:

propensity- a natural desire

etiquette- the rules of correct or polite behaviour in society

bartenders- people who work in a bar, serving drinks

contort- to become twisted

B. Write True for true and False for false statements.

a. In Nicaragua, people prefer to point with their thumb. False

b. Tipping is compulsory at most restaurants in the US. True

c. Contorting is less noisier than slurping. False

d. People from the West take noodles by twisting them on a spoon. True

e. The Bini and the Kalabari are ethnic groups of Nigeria. True

C. Answer the following questions.

a. What makes a group of people different from others?

b. What is the unique tradition of Nicaragua?

c. What is a positive aspect of tipping culture?

d. Why do Japanese make slurping sounds while eating noodles?

e. How do Yoruba people greet their elders?

Answer:

Their culture, language, custom and tradition make themselves different from others.

The unique tradition of Nicaragua is that they point the things with the lips instead of the thumb like the majority of the world.

The positive aspect of tipping culture is it provides incentive for waiters and waitresses.

Why do Japanese make slurping sounds while eating noodles?

Japanese make slurping sounds while eating noodles to indicate that they’re really enjoying noodles.

They greet by kneeling or lying prostrate.

Which of the above customs did you find more interesting? Share it with your friends.

Grammar II

Choose the following sentences in indirect speech from the list to match with the sentences in direct speech in the table below.

I asked the woman next to me if the bus to Kathmandu had already left.

I asked the teacher whether the book had been translated into Nepali.

iii.  Barsa asked her teacher if she should write the story again.

Samir asked Rohan whether he had finished reading his book.

The new pupil asked me if I was a class captain.

Answer:

Change the following sentences into indirect speech.

Rahul said to me, “Did you watch the cricket match on TV last night?”

“Are you coming home with me?” he said.

“Do you really come from India?” said the prince.

“Have you anything to say?” said the judge finally.

She said to me, “Is he at home?”

Usha says, “Can you solve the problem?”

Badri said to Asmita, “Will you visit me in Australia?”

Radhika said to Rebecca, “Did you hear the noise?”

He said, “Have you seen my hat?”

He said to me, “Does he come or not?”

Rohan said to me, “Did you spill the milk on the floor?”

The pilot said to the air hostess, “Have the passengers fastened their seatbelts?”

Answer:

He asked if I was coming home with him.

The prince asked if I really came from India.

The judge finally asked if I had anything to say.

She asked me if he was at home.

Usha asks if I can solve the problem.

Badri asked Asmita if she would visit him in Australia.

Radhika asked Rebecca if she had heard the noise.

He asked if I had seen his hat.

He asked me if he came or not.

Rohan asked me if I had spilt the milk on the floor.

The pilot asked the air hostess if the passengers had fastened their seatbelts.

Unit 7 Ecology and Environment 

Getting started

Look at the picture and talk about the components of environment.

Atmosphere

Ecosphere

Hydrosphere

Lithosphere

Biosphere

Reading I How do Animals Spend the Winter?

A. Answer these questions.

a. What preparations do you and your family make as the winter season approaches?

b. How do animals and birds protect themselves from the cold?

Answer

We prepare different items like food, shelter clothes etc. for the winter season.

Animals and birds protect themselves by migrating to warm places.

A. Find the words from the text that have the following meanings.

a shop that sells food and other things used in homes

related to the regions around the North Pole

an underground passage

to find the right way to deal with a difficult situation

a person who works on a ship as a member of the crew

to change behaviour in order to deal more successfully with a new situation

a very small green or yellow plant that spreads over wet surfaces, rocks, trees, etc.

to gather closely together, usually because of cold or fear

Answer:

grocery

Arctic

tunnel

navigate

sailor

adapt

moss

huddle

Read the paragraphs A-E and match them to the suitable titles.

Paragraphs                     Titles

A                                       Going into a Deep Sleep

B                                       Migration to New Places

C                                        Other Ways to Survive

D                                        Living in Underground Holes

E                                         Adaptation to New Weather

Answer:

A—– Migration to new places

B—– Adaptation to New Weather

C—– Living in underground Holes

D—– Going into Deep Sleep

E—– Other ways to Survive

Write True or False against the following statements.

a. Animals wear thick coats to protect themselves from the cold.

Flying in flocks helps birds protect themselves from the cold.

Birds do not travel far to avoid the cold.

Some animals collect extra food for winter.

Snow fleas hybernate in winter.

Cold water makes it difficult for some animals to breathe.

Answer:

False

False

False

True

False

False

Answer the following questions.

Why do birds migrate in groups?

What controls the migration cycle of birds?

How do birds find the same place for migration each year?

Why do you think squirrels and mice huddle close together in winter?

How do animals maintain energy during hibernation?

How do frogs, turtles and fish change their habitats to survive in winter?

Answer:

Birds migrate in groups to balance the weather as well as to be safe.

Changes in the amount of daylight and the weather control the migration cycle of birds.

Birds find the same place for migration each year by using the sun, moon, stars etc.

I think squirrels and mice huddle close together in winter to stay warm.

Animals maintain energy by storing the food as body fat during hibernation.

Frogs, turtles and fish change their habitats by hibernating in the holes to survive in the winter.

Grammar I

Study the following sentences.

If you heat snow, it melts.

If it rains, you will get wet.

If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus.

What will you do if you miss the plane?

I may finish that letter if I have time.

If you want to borrow a book from the library, show your library card.

Water changes into vapour if it is heated.

Use the correct form of the verbs from the brackets to complete the sentences.

If you call me, I ……… (come).

If you ……… (not leave), I’ll call the police.

Somebody ……… (notice) if you make a mistake.

If I see her, I ……… (tell) her to call you.

She ……… (be) very angry if you don’t apologise.

They will be happy if we ……… (invite) them to the party.

Will they pay any more if I ……… (work) harder?

If you don’t lock your bicycle, someone ……… (steal) it.

I ……… (lend) you some money if you promise not to waste it.

Unless you use your English, it ……… (not improve).

You must study hard if you ……… (want) to join college.

Answer:

If you call me, I will come.

If you don’t leave, I’ll call the police.

Somebody will notice if you make a mistake.

If I see her, I will tell her to call you.

She will be very angry if you don’t apologise.

They will be happy if we invite them to the party.

Will they pay any more if I work harder?

If you don’t lock your bicycle, someone will steal it.

I will lend you some money if you promise not to waste it.

Unless you use your English, it can’t be improved.

You must study hard if you want to join college.

Reading II

Look at the picture below and answer these questions.

What do you think the man is doing?

Why do you think he is doing so?

Answer:

The man is using pesticides indiscriminately.

He is doing so to kill all the moths and protect his crops.

The Resistant Moths

Use the correct words from the box below to complete the following sentences.

avalanche      plague       combat      predator   despair    resistant        nasty

As responsible citizens it is our duty to …………… all social evils.

The whole town is suffering from the new ……..of rats.

The minister’s opinion has created ……..of  controversy.

He got a …………cut above his eye in the accident.

Some animals do not have a natural ………

Mosquitoes seem to have become …….to the toughest insecticides.

He is in ………due to all the failures in business.

Answer:

combat

plague

avalanche

nasty

predator

resistant

despair

The word ‘devour’ refers to a style of eating. It means ‘eating hungrily’. The following words also refer to different styles of eating. Use a dictionary to find their meanings.

munch   ……………

nibble    ……….

gobble   …………

gnaw     ………..

swallow    ……………..

Answer:

‘Munch’ refers to a style of eating. It means ‘eating something steadily and often noisily, especially something hard and/or dry’

‘Nibble’ refers to a style of eating. It means ‘eating by taking small bites of something, especially food’.

‘Gobble’ refers to a style of eating. It means ‘eating something very fast, in a way that people consider rude or greedy’.

‘Gnaw’ refers to a style of eating. It means keeping biting something

Swallow refers to a style of eating. It means ‘making food, drink, etc. go down your throat into your stomach.’

B. Write whether the following sentences are True or False.

a. The first use of pesticides caused further problems to the farmers. True

b. The shopkeepers made the farmers buy many pesticides. True

c. Mahendra Yadav admits that the farmers used chemicals carelessly. False

d. The pesticides not only killed the pests but also increased the fertility of the land. False

e. Mahendra Yadav expects that the moths will go away one day. True

Answer the following questions.

a. Why do you think Mahendra Yadav says “these insects will eat us alive”?

⇒ He has applied so much pesticides as suggested by the government officials but new and tougher moths has come into existence and they are not dying. Therefore, I think Mahendra Yadav says “these insects will eat us alive”.

b. What did the farmers hope when they bought the pesticides for the first time?

⇒ The farmers hoped to be rich by saving their crops and producing good amount of crops when they bought the pesticides for the first time.

c. What was the ‘nasty surprise’ for the farmers?

⇒ Despite the mixture of powerful chemicals on the potatoes, a few moths survived. It was the ‘nasty surprise’ for the farmers.

d. Find different words in the text that refer to the pesticide and the moth.

⇒ The different words as poison and chemicals refer to pesticides. Similarly, pests and insects refer to moths.

e. Do you think that Mahendra Yadav has made a wise decision at the end? Why?

⇒ I think that Mahendra Yadav has made a wise decision at the end because he has turned to the natural methods which is permanent solution for the problem.

D. Why is the use of pesticide harmful for both people and the environment? What could be a good alternative to pesticides? Discuss with your friends.

Students are requested to discuss and write some points

Grammar II

A. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.

If we hurry, we ………….. there in time. (get)

I won’t go to the doctor unless the pain ………… (increase)

If you spit in public place, you …………. into trouble. (get)

We ……….. for a picnic tomorrow if the weather stays nice. (go)

Everyone ……….. you if you tell them the truth. (believe)

If he ……….. up, he won’t get to work on time. (not wake)

If the baby ………….. a boy, I’ll call him Nitesh. (be)

You can cause an accident if you ……….. so carelessly. (drive)

Unless she …… the ambulance immediately, her father may die. (call)

If you try harder, you …….. in your exams. (succeed)

Answer:

If we hurry, we will get there in time.

I won’t go to the doctor unless the pain increases.

If you spit in public place, you will get into trouble.

We will go for a picnic tomorrow if the weather stays nice.

Everyone will believe you if you tell them the truth.

If he doesn’t wake up, he won’t get to work on time.

If the baby is a boy, I’ll call him Nitesh.

You can cause an accident if you drive so carelessly.

Unless she calls the ambulance immediately, her father may die.

If you try harder, you will succeed in your exams.

B. Complete the following sentences with suitable endings.

If you are hungry, ………………………….. .

If he runs fast, ……………………………….. .

They will win the match if ………………………………. .

If you phone him, ………………………………. .

If Mira fails the exam, ………………………….. .

Manashi will be promoted to grade ten if ………………………… .

Answer:

If you are hungry, you can eat some food.

If he runs fast, he will certainly win the race.

They will win the match if they practise hard.

If you phone him, he will come.

If Mira fails the exam, she will leave her study.

Manashi will be promoted to grade ten if she passes grade nine.

Unit 8 Science and Technology

Discuss in pairs and answer these questions.

What technological advancement do you think these pictures represent?

Answer: These pictures represent the technological advancement of internet devices and service and the electric bulb.

How will these inventions and innovations shape our future? Give specific examples.

Answer: These inventions and innovations make our life easy and comfortable.

Reading I Humanoid Robot Sophia

A. Answer the following questions.

What do you think Artificial Intelligence (AI) is?

Answer: I think artificial intelligence is the intelligence created by man made objects.

Can a robot have real intelligence like a human being does?

Answer: No, robot cannot have artificial intelligence like a human being does. But the intelligence may not be for long time and for different situations.

A. Match the following words with their meanings.

humanoid     i. a famous person

awe         ii.  to clap in approval

revolution    iii.  feelings of respect and slight fear

celebrity iv. the first design of a device or machine

enthusiast    v.  an act of controlling somebody or something

applaud    vi.  a person who is very interested in a particular activity or

subject

takeover vii.  a great change in conditions, beliefs, etc.

prototype viii.  a machine or creature that looks and behaves like a human

Answer:

humanoid    viii.  a machine or creature that looks and behaves like a human

awe         iii.  feelings of respect and slight fear

revolution   vii.  a great change in conditions, beliefs, etc.

celebrity i. a famous person

enthusiast   vi.  a person who is very interested in a  particular activity or

subject

applaud   ii.  to clap in approval

takeover v.  an act of controlling somebody or something

prototype   iv. the first design of a device or machine

B. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words/phrases from the text above.

Sophia ……….the audience in Kathmandu with a ‘Namaste’.

She presented her ………speech about the importance of technology.

The Innovation Conference and Fair was organised by ………….

Sophia was built ……………years ago.

According to Sophia, technology can ………….state institutions.

Using artificial intelligence could bring ………in the agriculture sector.

According to the robot, the news of ……taking over humans was fake.

In the opinion of Valerie Julliand, technology is giving us………to various problems.

Answer:

Sophia greeted the audience in Kathmandu with a ‘Namaste’.

She presented her keynote speech about the importance of technology.

The Innovation Conference and Fair was organised by UNDP.

Sophia was built two and a half years ago.

According to Sophia, technology can transform state institutions.

Using artificial intelligence could bring revolution in the agriculture sector.

According to the robot, the news of fearing taking over humans was fake.

In the opinion of Valerie Julliand, technology is giving us solution to various problems.

C. Answer the following questions.

a.  Who is Sophia?

b. What was the main highlight of the conference?

c. How can artificial intelligence be useful in Nepal, according to Sophia?

d. Who was the audience comprised of?

e. How long did Sophia speak for?

f. Why are innovative project models being developed in Nepal, according to UNDP?

Answer:

Sophia is a social humanoid robot and the first robot citizen.

The main highlight of the conference was the importance of technology in the development of human lives.

According to Sophia, Artificial intelligence can be useful in Nepal by ensuring better public services, a revolution in the agriculture sector, making better use of limited resources, protecting the environment and making the world better place.

The audience was comprised of government officials, private sector representatives, civil servants and tech enthusiasts.

Sophia spoke for three minutes.

According to UNDP, the innovative project models are being developed in Nepal to address gender empowerment, combat gender-based violence, and disaster risk reduction, with a focus on green energy, youth engagement and post disaster recovery.

D. How do you think AI technology can help to end poverty and fight starvation in Nepal?

Grammar – I

Read the following ‘thank you’ letter and underline the relative clauses.

Phungling, Taplejung

6 June 2021

Dear  Sujita,

Thank you very much for the wonderful birthday gift. The vase you have gifted me is exactly what I wanted. It reminds me of the vase which my little sister broke last week. It has exactly the same patterns. In fact, this is the best china that I have ever seen. My mother, who loves flowers, arranged roses in the vase.  Can you guess where I have kept it? Just outside my bedroom. Thank you once again for the lovely gift.

Love,

Punam

Answer

Phungling, Taplejung

6 June 2021

Dear  Sujita,

Thank you very much for the wonderful birthday gift. The vase you have gifted me is exactly what I wanted. It reminds me of the vase which my little sister broke last week. It has exactly the same patterns. In fact, this is the best china that I have ever seen. My mother, who loves flowers, arranged roses in the vase.  Can you guess where I have kept it? Just outside my bedroom. Thank you once again for the lovely gift.

Love,

Punam

Complete the following sentences with relative clauses.

Manju works for a company …………….

The story is about a girl………

What was the name of the dog………….. ?

The police have caught the criminals……..

Gram Bell was the man …………

What happened to the painting……….. ?

An encyclopedia is a book……….

I hate people……….

The Earth seems to be the only planet……

A detective is a person …………

Can you tell me the name of the book ……………… ?

Answer:

Manju works for a company which produces plastic items.

The story is about a girl who is over ambitious.

What was the name of the dog which you bought in Manang ?

The police have caught the criminals who robbed the bank of Parsa.

Gram Bell was the man who discovered telephone.

What happened to the painting which was painted by Leonardo ?

An encyclopedia is a book which gives information about everything.

I hate people who believes on dowry system.

The Earth seems to be the only planet where living creatures are found.

A detective is a person who investigates the crime.

Can you tell me the name of the book which you read yesterday afternoon?

Reading II

A. Match the words in column A with the meanings in column B.

Column A        Column B

fleet ⇒ a group of something

inflatable ⇒ capable of being filled with air

harness ⇒ to control and use the force or strength of something

vane ⇒ a flat plane that is moved by wind

skyscraper ⇒ a very tall building

fission⇒ the act or process of splitting the nucleus of an atom

bountiful ⇒ in large quantities

B. Find the antonyms of the following words from the text.

endless    modern covered fragrant bound    inadequate

Answer:

endless- finite              modern- traditional

covered-revealed         fragrant- odourless

bound- autonomous  inadequate-bountiful

C. Match the idea numbers in column A to the correct idea in columnB.

Idea I   iv.  solar energy

Idea II  v.  energy through body movement

Idea III i.  wave energy

Idea IV ii.  hydrogen energy

Idea V  vi.  altaeros energy

Idea VI      iii.  energy through the fusion process

D. Answer the following questions.

How did JAXA prove the viability for the idea of space-based solar energy?

What do we need to generate energy through our body movement?

In what way are Idea III  and V similar?

How can hydrogen be used as the source of energy?

Why do floating turbines seem more effective than tower-mounted turbines?

Why is the fusion process environmentally friendly?

What does ITER stand for?

Answer:

JAXA proved the viability for the idea of space-based solar energy by successfully converting 1.8 kilowatts of electricity into microwaves after which they wirelessly beamed them a distance of 50 metres.

We need a knee brace to generate energy through our body movement.

Both Idea III and Idea V produce energy due to wind therefore they are similar.

Hydrogen can be used as the source of energy by separating from other elements like oxygen, carbon and nitrogen which has the gas yields high energy.

Floating turbines seem more effective than tower-mounted turbines because these turbines produce double energy than tower-mounted turbines.

The fusion process is environmentally friendly because it emits no pollutants or greenhouse gases and has no threat of nuclear meltdown unlike current nuclear fission reactors.

ITER stands for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor.

E. Can you think of any other alternative energy sources? Talk about your ideas with your friends.

Grammar II

Fill in the gaps with suitable relative pronouns.

Is that the spot ………………… you had the accident?

The photograph ………………… you saw was taken a long time ago.

Are those the students ………………… you were talking about?

Last week, I went to visit the town ………………… my friend lives.

This is the house ………………… my uncle and aunt live.

These are the girls ………………… work hard.

Krishna was the boy ………………… everyone appreciated.

This is the judge ………………… is known for her wise decisions.

This is the site ………….. I intend to build a house.

The tiger ………… terrified the villagers was sent to the zoo yesterday.

The tree …………… he cut down was not a large one.

Mt. Everest ………………… is the highest peak in the world, lies in Solukhumbu district.

Answer:

Is that the spot where you had the accident?

The photograph which you saw was taken a long time ago.

Are those the students whom you were talking about?

Last week, I went to visit the town where my friend lives.

This is the house where my uncle and aunt live.

These are the girls who work hard.

Krishna was the boy whom everyone appreciated.

This is the judge who is known for her wise decisions.

This is the site where I intend to build a house.

The tiger which terrified the villagers was sent to the zoo yesterday.

The tree which he cut down was not a large one.

Mt. Everest which is the highest peak in the world, lies in Solukhumbu district.

Rewrite the following pairs of sentences using who, whom, whose, which/that, or where.

Are these the keys? You were looking for the keys.

Unfortunately, we couldn’t attend the wedding. We were invited to the wedding.

What is the name of the hotel? Your brother works in the hotel.

The party wasn’t enjoyable. We attended the party last Saturday.

What is the name of the boy? The boy’s father is a dentist.

Who was the man? You talked to the man in the restaurant.

What is the name of the shop? They sell medicine in the shop.

Is this the man? The man donated all his property to a hospital.

Answer:

Are these the keys which you were looking for?

Unfortunately, we couldn’t attend the wedding which we were invited.

What is the name of the hotel where your brother works?

The party wasn’t enjoyable which we attended last Saturday.

What is the name of the boy whose father is a dentist.

Who was the man whom You talked to in the restaurant.

What is the name of the shop where they sell medicine?

Is this the man who donated all his property to a hospital.

Unit 9 Science and Technology

Reading I The Ant and the Grasshopper

Look at the following picture and answer these questions.

What do you think the two insects are doing?

What do you think happens to them when winter comes?

Answers:

The grasshopper is dancing whereas the ant is working and collecting food for winter.

When the winter comes, they can’t get food in the field.

A. Choose appropriate words from the box below to replace the coloured words in the given sentences.

industry                 hilarious         qualm            enticements

obliged                      amendments   expostulations

If your talent combines with diligence, you can excel in your field.

The dessert menu has a lot of delicious temptations.

The house passed the bill without listening to the public objections.

Knowledge of the ill effects of tobacco has led to modifications in smoking behaviour.

Without any regret, Yule started spending his father’s inheritance.

Mr. Smith read a humorous story which matched his real life.

Answers:

industry

enticements

expostulations

amendments

qualm

hilarious

Put the following sentences from the story in the correct order.

Tom began to blackmail his brother for money.

Tom left his wife and his office.

When his money was spent, he borrowed it from friends and spent it on luxuries.

George continued to pay for his brother’s expenses.

Tom bought a motor-car and some very nice jewellery.

Tom took the help of Cronshaw to cheat his brother, and left for Monte Carlo.

Tom promised to make a fresh start.

The Ramsays were perfectly respectable people.

Tom never settled down.

Answers:

The Ramsays were perfectly respectable people.

Tom left his wife and his office.

When his money was spent, he borrowed it from friends and spent it on luxuries.

Tom promised to make a fresh start.

George continued to pay for his brother’s expenses.

Tom bought a motor-car and some very nice jewellery.

Tom never settled down.

Tom began to blackmail his brother for money.

Tom took the help of Cronshaw to cheat his brother, and left for Monte Carlo.

Answer the following questions.

Why is Tom described as the ‘black sheep’ of the Ramsay family?

What was a respectable profession for Tom?

Why was George Ramsay staring into space?

Why did Tom leave his work and wife?

How did Tom manage his life when he ran out of money in the beginning?

How did Cronshaw and Tom cheat George?

What made George realise that his brother would never settle down?

What is the moral of the story ‘The Ant and Grasshopper?

Answer

Tom is described as the ‘black sheep’ of the Ramsay family because he spoilt the reputation of the family.

To serve in a bar as well as to drive a taxi was a respectable profession for Tom.

George Ramsay was staring into space because his brother gave him a lot of trouble.

Tom left his work and wife because he wanted to enjoy himself.

When he ran out of money in the beginning, Tom managed his life by borrowing money from his friends.

Cronshaw and Tom cheated George by taking the case to court of not paying the bill.

He gave trouble one after another which made George realise that his brother would never settle down.

The moral of the story ‘The Ant and Grasshopper’ is we must be obedient, honest and labourious.

Grammar I

Make as many sentences as you can from the table given below.

Fill in the gaps with the correct form of have, get or make.

Did they ……….. you give a speech on behalf of the group?

Instead of buying a new car, why don’t you …… the old one fixed?

I ……… my hair cut tomorrow morning.

The teacher ………. every one of us to write an essay yesterday.

Ms. Shrestha usually …………. her hair dried at the hairdresser’s.

My mum always ……….. me clean my room on Saturdays.

I ……….  my landlord to fix the broken windowpane this morning.

Suman ………. all the Maths problems solved by the teacher.

Answer

Did they have you give a speech on behalf of the group?

Instead of buying a new car, why don’t you get the old one fixed?

I have my hair cut tomorrow morning.

The teacher gets every one of us to write an essay yesterday.

Ms. Shrestha usually has her hair dried at the hairdresser’s.

My mum always makes me clean my room on Saturdays.

I get my landlord to fix the broken windowpane this morning.

Suman gets all the Maths problems solved by the teacher.

Rewrite the sentences with have, get or make.

Example: I painted my house last week.

I had my house painted last week.

She will ask her sister to light the lamp.

I am going to ask the dentist to fill my teeth.

Will you ask the barber to cut your hair?

I can’t design my house myself. So I am going to ask an architect to do it.

The girl asked her mechanic to repair her moped.

The landlady asks the gardener to cut the grass.

Answer

She will make her sister light the lamp.

I am going to make the dentist fill my teeth.

Will you get the barber to cut your hair?

I can’t design my house myself. So I am going to have an architect do it.

The girl had her mechanic repair her moped.

The landlady gets the gardener to cut the grass.

Choose the best alternatives and complete the sentences.

Mina got Shambhu ……………… (carry/to carry/carried) her suitcase.

Rita had Ankit ………………… (wash/to wash/washed) her clothes.

They got me  ……… (dance/to dance/danced) at my brother’s wedding.

Kumari was made………….(turn on/to turn on/turned on) the television.

Barsha got new books …………… (buy/to buy//bought) her last week.

Upendra got Mukesh ………… (watch/to watch/watched) his house.

My father is very kind. He never makes us ……… (do/to do/ done) heavy work.

The film was very humorous. It made us all…………………

(laugh/to laugh/laughed) throughout the film.

His hair was too long. So he had it  ………………… (cut/to cut/ cutting) yesterday.

The manager……………..(made/got/make) his secretary attend the conference.

Mathew made the mechanic………………… (overhaul/to overhaul/ overhauling) his car.

Smith had Jacque ……………… (fetch/to fetch/fetched) a pail of water.

My maths teacher asked us to remember all the theorems. In other words, we were made ……… (remember/remembered/to remember) all the theorems.

Answer:

Mina got Shambhu to carry her suitcase.

Rita had Ankit wash her clothes.

They got me to dance at my brother’s wedding.

Kumari was made to turn on the television.

Barsha got new books bought her last week.

Upendra got Mukesh to watch his house.

My father is very kind. He never makes us do heavy work.

The film was very humorous. It made us all laugh throughout the film.

His hair was too long. So he had it cut yesterday.

The manager made his secretary attend the conference.

Mathew made the mechanic overhaul his car.

Smith had Jacque fetch a pail of water.

My maths teacher asked us to remember all the theorems. In other words, we were made to remember all the theorems.

Reading II Leisure

Look at the picture below and answer the following questions.

What do you see in the picture?

How is human life different from the lives of animals?

Answer:

We can see horses enjoying the nature.

Human life is different from the lives of animals because human life is quite busy without any leisure.

A. Match the words with their meanings.

stare       i.  an area of trees

beneath   ii.  to improve the quality of something

woods    iii.  to look quickly at somebody or something

enrich     iv.   to look at somebody or something for a long time

glance     v.  under somebody or something

Answer:

stare           iv.   to look at somebody or something for a long time

beneath       v.  under somebody or something

woods         i.  an area of trees

enrich         ii.  to improve the quality of something

glance         iii.  to look quickly at somebody or something

Answer the following questions.

Why is our life so miserable, according to the poet?

What do sheep and cows do in nature?

What do squirrels do in the woods?

What magic does Beauty perform?

What is human life like, if observed carefully?

Answer:

According to the poet, our life so miserable because we have no leisure.

Sheep and cows play, enjoy and stare at the beauty of nature.

They hide their nuts in the grass.

Beauty performs the dance which enriches the smile.

Human life is poor, full of duties and responsibilities if it is observed carefully.

D. How do you spend your leisure time? Write a short paragraph.

Grammar II

Study the example sentences in the table below.

Change the following sentences into passive voice.

Someone is helping her with the housework.

The mail-order company sent him a parcel.

My friend sent me an invitation.

The secretary has given the minister the letters.

The traffic police officer had already fined him for a parking offence.

John gave Elizabeth that beautiful ring.

Her students have sent her flowers.

He must give the message to the right person.

We teach our students English and French.

Someone bought flowers for the bride.

The guide showed the tourists the sights of Pokhara.

They pay her an excellent salary.

Answer:

She is being helped with her housework.

He was sent a parcel by the mail-order company.

I was sent an invitation by my friend.

The minister has been given the letters by the secretary.

He had already been fined for a parking offence by the traffic police officer.

Elizabeth was given that beautiful ring by John.

She has been sent flowers by her students.

The message must be given to the right person by him.

Our students are taught English and French.

Flowers were bought for the bride.

The tourists were showed the sight of Pokhara by the guide.

She is paid an excellent salary.

Fill in the blanks with the correct passive form of the verbs in the brackets.

The Mayor inaugurated a sports centre in our town last week. The facility …………….(believe) to be one of the largest in the country and experts hope that it …………………….. (visit) by thousands of amateur and professional athletes over the course of the next few years.

The centre……………………. (construct) for over 6 years. However, it………….. (not completely finish) yet. Workers are making the final adjustments this week and say that it …………………….. (complete) by the end of the month.

The centre offers various sports facilities including two indoor swimming pools, three large gyms and a ball court. They …………………………. (can book) online or directly at the administration desk. The equipment ………………………… (buy) from local companies, which also provided the training programs.

The new centre …………………….. (finance) by government funds as well as grants that ………………. (give) to the region by the European Union. Politicians and famous athletes from all over the country …………..… (invite) to the official opening ceremony, scheduled for next Tuesday.

Answer:

The Mayor inaugurated a sports centre in our town last week. The facility is believed to be one of the largest in the country and experts hope that it will be visited by thousands of amateur and professional athletes over the course of the next few years.

The centre has been constructed for over 6 years. However, it has not been completely finished yet. Workers are making the final adjustments this week and say that it will have been completed by the end of the month.

The centre offers various sports facilities including two indoor swimming pools, three large gyms and a ball court. They can be booked online or directly at the administration desk. The equipment had been bought from local companies, which also provided the training programs.

The new centre has been financed by government funds as well as grants that have been given to the region by the European Union, Politicians and famous athletes from all over the country will be invited to the official opening ceremony, scheduled for next Tuesday.

Writing II

Write an essay about ‘Work and Leisure’ in approximately 200 words. You can use the given prompts.

differences            similarities            benefits                 balance

Unit 10 The Earth and Space 

Reading I – A Message from Another Planet

Look at the picture below and answer the questions.

What do you see in the picture?

Do you think life exists on planets other than the Earth?

Answer:

I can see a boy fishing on the bank of the river.

Yes, I think life exists on planets other than Earth.

1. Find the words from the story that are either opposite or similar to the words below.

dawn (opposite)              b.  shining (similar)

took off (opposite)         d.  modern (similar)

descended (opposite)           f.   great (similar)

Answer:

twilight         b. flashing        c. landed

advanced      e. ascended      f. enormous

Match the words with their meanings.

saucer  i.  a ship or large boat

spaceship ii.  a long comfortable seat

vessel   iii. short bursts of bright light

flashing    iv.  a vehicle that travels in space, carrying people

couch   v.  a machine that is designed to do a particular thing in the home

broadcast vi.  a small shallow round dish that a cup stands on

appliance vii. to send out a programme on television or radio

Answer:

saucer           vi.  a small shallow round dish that a cup stands on

spaceship      iv.  a vehicle that travels in space, carrying people

vessel            i.  a ship or large boat

flashing         iii. short bursts of bright light

couch            ii.  a long comfortable seat

broadcast      vii. to send out a programme on television or radio

appliance      v.  a machine that is designed to do a particular thing in the home

Put the following events in the correct order.

They gave Suren a tiny computer.

The spaceship landed back on the bank of the Sunkoshi River.

A voice welcomed him and asked him to sit on the couch.

Suren wondered whether he had been dreaming.

Suren had been fishing when he saw a bright object over the Sunkoshi River.

They wanted to send a message to the leader of Nepal and the world.

When Suren went closer to the vessel, he was pulled into it.

Answer:

Suren had been fishing when he saw a bright object over the Sunkoshi River.

When Suren went closer to the vessel, he was pulled into it.

A voice welcomed him and asked him to sit on the couch.

They wanted to send a message to the leader of Nepal and the world.

They gave Suren a tiny computer.

The spaceship landed back on the bank of the Sunkoshi River.

Suren wondered whether he had been dreaming.

Answer the following questions.

What did Suren think about the bright object at first?

Where had Suren seen a spaceship before?

How did Suren feel when he was drawn inside the vessel?

How had they known about Suren?

How do they manage resources on their planet?

Why did Suren express his inability to deliver a message at first?

What message did they want to pass on?

Why did they give Suren a tiny computer?

Do you think people will believe Suren’s story? Give your reasons.

Answer:

Suren thought that it was a helicopter probably going to Diktel.

Suren had seen the spaceship in the film before.

Suren felt frightened when he was drawn inside the vessel.

They had known about Suren by using long distance listening device.

They manage the resources on their planet by setting up collection centres and by recycling the things which are no longer in use.

Suren expressed his inability to deliver a message at first because he thought that leaders would not listen to a poor kid like him.

They wanted to pass on the message that collection centers should be set up in every town and city on Earth and cans, bottles, old household appliances, in fact, everything which is no longer in use, should be taken there and recycled.

They gave Suren a tiny computer to make Suren’s story believable to everyone.

Yes, I think people will believe Suren’s story because they gave Suren a far more advanced tiny computer which is not found in the earth till now.

If you met someone from another planet, what advice would you ask for about the Earth or Nepal?

Grammar I

Fill in the blanks with prepositions in, at or on.

We will meet ……….. the corner of the street on Sunday at 5: 00 pm.

Phurba is studying English literature  …………. Ratna Rajya Campus.

The horses are grazing …….. the field.

Rima and Nakul got married ………. Bhadrakali temple 10 years ago.

What time did you arrive …….. the hotel?

Rachita lives ………….. England these days.

The cat is somewhere ……… the house.

There is a picture of house ……. Sheetal’s T-shirt.

The instruction is ……. the top of the page.

The dog is sleeping ……. the carpet.

Answer:

at b. in c. in d. at e. at f. in g. in h. on i. on j. on

Choose one of the words/phrases from the box and complete the sentences below using in, at or on.

Example: My train arrives at 4:30. Can you meet me at the station?

I love Saturdays the most. I can stay ……….. until eight.

My favourite movie Pashupati Prasad is playing ………..

Many people are …….. for the crime they committed.

I like the village, especially the fresh air. I think I should work ……..  my village.

Did you make many friends when you were ………….. ?

Aryashila had an accident last month. She is still ………..

It was not a long flight. We were ………. for only 25 minutes.

When our flight was delayed, we had to wait ………. for about two hours.

Answer:

I love Saturdays the most. I can stay on bed until eight.

My favourite movie Pashupati Prasad is playing in Shanti Chalchitra Hall.

Many people are in prison for the crime they committed.

I like the village, especially the fresh air. I think I should work on a farm in my village.

Did you make many friends when you were in school?

Aryashila had an accident last month. She is still in hospital.

It was not a long flight. We were in the air for only 25 minutes.

When our flight was delayed, we had to wait at the airport for about two hours.

Reading II Up-Hill

A. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.

Column A             Column B

wind    i.        person who usually travels on foot

morn   ii.   a small hotel, usually in the country

inn       iii.   to have many bends and twists

wayfarer iv.  look for

seek     v.   morning

Answer:

wind    i.   to have many bends and twists

morn   ii.  morning

inn      iii.  a small hotel, usually in the country

wayfarer iv.  person who usually travels on foot

seek     v.  look for

C. Complete the summary of the poem using suitable words or phrases given below.

the road ahead up-hill someone a place  a journey in the affirmative on the way everyone  fellow travellers an inn

The speaker is making ……………. with her guide. She asks the guide eight different questions about …………. The first question is if the road is all ……………. and if the journey will take all day. The guide replies …………….. Next, she asks if there is ……………. to rest for the night. The guide informs the speaker that there is ……………. which she won’t miss. The speaker’s fifth question is, whether she will meet the other travellers ……………..  At the inn, the speaker asks if she should knock or call the …………….. The guide replies that……………. will open the door. Lastly, the speaker asks if there will be a bed for her. The guide tells her that there are beds for…………….

Answer:

The speaker is making a journey with her guide. She asks the guide eight different questions about the road ahead The first question is if the road is all up-hill and if the journey will take all day. The guide replies in the affirmative Next, she asks if there is an inn to rest for the night. The guide informs the speaker that there is a place which she won’t miss. The speaker’s fifth question is, whether she will meet the other travellers on the way.  At the inn, the speaker asks if she should knock or call the fellow travellers The guide replies that someone will open the door. Lastly, the speaker asks if there will be a bed for her. The guide tells her that there are beds for everyone.

Answer the following questions.

How far is the road up-hill, according to the guide?

What does the speaker doubt about the place to rest?

Who has travelled the road before?

What is the speaker’s seventh question?

Who do you think opens the door?

Answer:

According to the guide, the road up-hill is too long that will take a whole day from morning to night to complete the journey.

The speaker doubts whether there is an inn to rest for the whole night or not.

The other wayfarers have travelled the road before.

The seventh question is whether she will find comfort or ease after her difficult journey being tired and weak.

I think, God opens the door.

Write a short description of an interesting road that you have recently travelled along.

Grammar II

Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions from the brackets.

Due ……. a traffic jam, we are late today.  (with/to/at)

I’m sorry. You are not eligible ………….  admission to this course. (with/for/of)

Look! She is playing ……….. her young son. (with/to/in)

The District Administration Office is entrusted ……………

maintain law and order in the city. (to/with/of)

He is envious …………. his rich neighbour. (with/of/off)

He became estranged ……………. his family after the argument. (with/from/of)

You had no excuse …… misbehaving with the clerk. (of/for/to)

I’m quite familiar ………………. her. (at/with/to)

She was brought ………. by her grandmother. (out/in/up)

Gopal left home because he did not want to abide ……………….. his father’s wishes. (to/with/by)

Answer:

Due to a traffic jam, we are late today.

I’m sorry. You are not eligible for admission to this course.

Look! She is playing with her young son.

The District Administration Office is entrusted to maintain law and order in the city.

He is envious of his rich neighbour.

He became estranged from his family after the argument. (with/from/of)

You had no excuse for misbehaving with the clerk.

I’m quite familiar to her. (at/with/to)

She was brought up by her grandmother.

Gopal left home because he did not want to abide by his father’s wishes.

Choose and circle the correct prepositions (in brackets) in the paragraphs below.

Mr Pandey arrived in Kathmandu (on/in) May 10 (at/on) eight o’clock (in/on) the evening. He decided to call on his uncle who lived (on, in) Bhaktapur. He got on a bus (at/of) the station and paid the fare (to/for) the conductor. The bus was very crowded, so Mr Pandey had to stand up all the way.

When he reached Thimi, Mr Pandy got off the bus and walked a short distance (in/to) the house where his uncle lived. He knocked (at/ in) the door (of/on) his uncle’s house. He waited (for/during) a few minutes, but no one came (to/at) the door. He was disappointed to find no one (to/at) home. He saw a bench (at/to) the corner of the porch, and he sat down (on/in) it to wait for his uncle.

Answer:

on  at  in  in  at

to   to  at  of  for

at  at  at  on

Unit 11 Gadgets and Instruments

Reading I Save your Smartphone

Look at the following picture and answer these questions.

She is using her smartphone while charging.

We may have the risk of electric shock / accident

iii. While using a phone, we should avoid long conversation, not use while charging, keep away when sleeping, keep away from children etc.

A. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.

Prolong          = to make something last longer

essential         = extremely important

fading        = being less bright

generate         = to produce

gunk                 = any sticky or dirty substance

render              = to cause something to be in a particular condition

notification   = notices

B. Write True for true statements and False for false ones.

It’s a good idea to keep our phones fully charged.

We should keep our phones together with other gadgets.

A phone is likely to hold more bacteria than a toilet seat.

Setting a screen lock on the phone helps us keep the information safe.

Smartphones are very useful even without apps.

Answer:

It’s a good idea to keep our phones fully charged. False

We should keep our phones together with other gadgets. False

A phone is likely to hold more bacteria than a toilet seat. True

Setting a screen lock on the phone helps us keep the information safe. True

Smartphones are very useful even without apps. False

C. Answer the following questions.

Write any three uses of smartphones in everyday life.

Why should we care for our phones?

Why should we not use cheap chargers to charge our phones?

How can we prevent our phones from getting over heated?

How can the phone be cleaned?

Answer:

The uses of smartphones in everyday life are as follows:

Staying connected with family and friends

Getting works done

iii. Staying up to date with important schedules

Buying groceries or clothes online

We should care for our phones because they are very essential and central to our life.

We should not use cheap chargers to charge our phones because there may be the possibility of catching fire.

We can prevent our phones from getting overheated by placing them away from other gadgets at room temperature.

The phone can be cleaned with an antimicrobial spray and wiping it with a soft cloth.

What gadgets do you have at your home? How do you take care of them?

Answer:

There are so many gadgets at home. We must take care of them. We have the gadgets such as smartphones, chargers, smartwatches, laptops, earphones and so on.

Due to COVID-19 outbreak, we are gradually realising how our gadgets are the breeding place for so many viruses and germs. Before the lockdown days, every time we touched any object such as handrails, door handles, switches in the elevator, we seldom cleaned our hands leading exposure to various microbes which then transferred to gadgets of our daily use such as smartphones, chargers, smartwatches, laptops, earphones and so on.

Because we work from home and have other gadgets, it’s impossible to say how much muck has accumulated between the buttons of our computer mouse or how much hair, dust, and food crumbs have fallen into the cracks of the keyboard. Alternatively, into the wire mesh of the headphones. We may have regular contact with these devices throughout the day, with oil and dead skin from our hands continuously rubbing off on them, making them potential breeding grounds for germs. As a result, keeping our electronics clean and sanitized is more than necessary. Some of the tips to take care of our gadgets are given below:

To keep our gadgets like laptop clean, we can follow these steps:

Step One: Remove your battery, clean it with a microfiber cloth, then blow off the dust using compressed air.

Step two: Using the same towel, wipe down the screen to remove any smudges.

Step three: Spray compressed air between the keyboard’s keys and into the USB ports.

Step four: Soak a cotton swab in isopropyl alcohol and gently clean the exterior of the laptop.

Step 5: Wipe down the laptop with a clean, dry cloth.

Grammar I (page 137)

Study the following table.

Change the following sentences into indirect speech. Use the given sentence starters.

“He works in a bank.”

She said  ……………………..

“We went out last night.”

She told me ……………………..

“I’m coming!”

She said……………………..

“I was waiting for the bus when he arrived.”

She told me ……………………..

“I’d never been there before.”

She said ……………………..

“I didn’t go to the party.”

She told me ……………………..

He said to me, “Help him to do his homework.”

He asked me …………………..

The doctor said to the patient, “Take bed rest for a week.”

The doctor advised the patient ……………………..

The commander said to his soldiers, “March further.”

The commander ordered ……………………..

Answer:

She said that he worked in a bank.

She told me that they had gone out the night before.

She said that she was going.

She told me that she had been waiting for the bus when he had arrived.

She said that she had never been there before.

She told me that she hadn’t gone to the party.

He asked me to help him to do his homework.

The doctor advised the patient to take bed rest for a week.

The commander ordered to march further.

Writing I (page 138)

Prepare a recipe to cook your favourite dish at home. Use the prompts given below.

name of the food item            ingredients            cooking procedure

Recipe to cook pasta

Ingredients

2 cups pasta

1 tbsp olive oil

1 tbsp olive oil

1 tsp salt

Procedure

Bring a large pot of water to a boil with one tablespoon of olive oil and one teaspoon of salt.

Drop a few strands or one sheet of pasta into the boiling water at a time.

Cook, uncovered until the pasta is cooked, stirring periodically and gently. Cooking times will vary depending on the size and thickness of the pasta.

Small pasta like macaroni can be cooked in 5 to 7 minutes.

Larger forms of pasta like spaghetti may take 10 to 12 minutes to cook.

Drain the cooked pasta immediately into a strainer or colander. To refresh, place it in a basin of cold water. Drain one more and set aside.

Toss the pasta with one tablespoon olive oil if it is not going to be used right away.

Reading – II Gadgets and Instruments

A. Match the words with the correct weather symbols.

sunny     b. partially cloudy          c. rainy

cloudy   e. snowy                            f. stormy

Weather Instruments

Complete these sentences with the appropriate words from the text above.

Most of the FM …………. broadcast the news at 7:00.

The function of a ………….is to convert the change of temperature into numerical numbers.

The Earth is ………. by the atmosphere.

The amount of water in the air is called …………….

The wind vane is also known as a …………………

Answer

stations b. converter     c. wrapped    d. humidity   e. weather vane /weathercock

Choose the correct answer.

How did people get the weather information until the 18th century?

with  weather instruments ii. through their physical senses

iii. through their intuitions

Which one of the following barometers is the latest one?

digital           ii. mercury             iii. aneroid

What does a barometer measure?

atmospheric temperature          ii. atmospheric humidity

iii. atmospheric pressure

Which of the following devices is NOT used to get weather information?

thermometer        ii.  galvanometer   iii. anemometer

Which of the following devices is used to measure the speed of the wind?

wind wave ii. anemometer   iii.  hygrometer

Answer

1. through their physical senses
2. digital

iii. atmospheric pressure

1. galvanometer
2. anemometer

Answer the following questions.

Where is an alcohol-filled thermometer mostly used?

What is a barometer used for?

What are the two kinds of hygrometer?

Give two examples of how an anemometer gives information about the weather.

Name the device that is used to measure the changes in weather conditions.

What precaution should be taken while using a rain gauge?

Answer

An alcohol-filled thermometer is mostly used to measure the temperature under -35 degree             Celsius.

A barometer is used for measuring the atmospheric pressure.

The two types of hygrometer are dry and wet bulb hygrometer and a mechanical                          hygrometer.

An anemometer gives the information about the weather by showing the speed of wind and             predicting storms as well as hurricanes.

The device that is used to measure the changes in weather condition is barometer.

The rain gauge must be placed at an open place without any obstacle.

How do you usually find out what the weather will be like? Talk to your friends.

We usually find out about the future condition of the weather with the help of Barometer. The weather will be like overcast, windy, and drizzly. Such weather makes me feel peaceful and comfortable. I enjoy such weather, especially at night, since I can hear the rainfall and see the dew on the window, which helps me sleep. The light rain helps the crops to grow nicely.

Grammar II

Change the following sentences into indirect speech.

He said, “Don’t use my camera.”

The doctor said, “Give up smoking.”

“Don’t touch the wire.” The electrician said to me.

“Could you explain number four, please?” said the student.

“Don’t worry about it, Mrs. Shrestha.” She said.

“Finish this job in an hour.” He said.

Amrita said to me, “Please help me.”

Answer

He told me not to use his camera.

The doctor suggested me to give up smoking.

The electrician told me not to touch the wire.

The student requested me to explain number four.

She told Mrs. Shrestha not to worry about it.

He told me to finish that job in an hour.

Amrita requested me to help her.

Complete the following sentences with the correct alternatives from the brackets.

Anju said that she…………….(had seen/has seen/was seen) the accident the day before.

She says that ……………(she could not stay there anymore/I can’t stay there anymore/she can’t stay there anymore)

The teacher told us that……………….(the Earth revolves round the Sun/the Earth revolved round the Sun/the Earth revolve round the Sun)

Pramesh said that………………(he had done his homework/I have done my homework/he has done his homework)

The policeman ………………(requested/told/ordered) the thief not to move.

My father forbade me ……………… (to spend/do not spend/not to spend) so much money.

The head teacher forbade the students’ parents ………………(not to smoke/to not smoke/to smoke) on the school premises.

Answer:

had seen

she can’t stay there anymore

the Earth revolves round the Sun

he had done his homework

ordered

to spend

to smoke

Writing II

In the past 20 years, there have been significant developments in the field of science and technology. These developments have had both a positive and negative impact. Write a newspaper article expressing your views on the impact of science and technology.

Answer:

The information technology sector has grown dramatically during the previous two decades. It provides us with things like communication progress, cell phones, the internet, and so forth. However, many experts feel that this rise in the IT sector will have a negative impact rather than a positive impact in the coming years. For several reasons, I strongly disagree with this. The explanation strengthens my position.

IT has both positive and negative impact. However, many experts feel that this rise in the IT sector will have a negative impact rather than a positive impact in the coming years. For several reasons, I strongly disagree with this. The explanation strengthens my position. The most important argument is that it will completely transform the global commercial sector. The majority of the duties will be completed automatically and without human participation. That would be efficient and low-quality goods in the industrial industry. In addition, with the assistance of artificial intelligence, the automobiles would drive themselves. In reality, some businesses, like “Tesla” and “Google,” have already produced self-driving automobiles that do not require human intervention.

Furthermore, the company may expect enhanced file management, massive data storage, and cloud hosting. Payment gateways, such as “Google Pay,” “Amazon Pay,” and “Paytm,” are expected to be solely online a few years from now. Furthermore, the communication network will be upgraded in the future. However, I would not ignore the minor risks that may be there. The most prominent is cybersickness. They are concerned that individuals would abandon their regular routines as a result of their addiction to social media. Any cyber assault on social media might be carried out using this data. Any hacker might access the account and demand money.

To summarize it, it can be concluded that, while development in the IT sector has some drawbacks, I believe that development in the IT sector would be definitely beneficial for human life advancement, and information technology will continue to comfort us in unimaginable ways in the coming years.

Unit – 12 People and Places

Answer the following questions.

How much do you love reading? What is the name of the last book you read?

Answer: I love reading much when I have leisure time. The name of the book I last read is Agni by Nabaraj Lamsal.

Who is your favourite writer? Say something interesting about him or her.

Answer: My favourite writer is Krishna Dharabasi, He has written so many books. He is now in America. Last week I talked to him on Tiktok live.

Reading I Paulo Coelho

Complete the table below. Use a dictionary to check the meanings. Then, choose the correct word to complete the sentences. Change the form if necessary.

Noun                        Verb                                   Adjective

embroidery        embroider

torture

attract

inspiring

investigation

Answer

Noun                        Verb                                   Adjective

embroidery        embroider

torture                torture                                torturous

attraction           attract                                 attractive

inspiring             inspire                           inspiring

investigation           investigate                    investigative

She was an …………….. example to her followers.

It is claimed that the officers ………… a man to death in a city police station.

Naturally, I …………. the tale a little to make it more interesting.

The company conducted its own internal ………………. into the robbery.

The exhibition is ……………. huge crowds.

Answer

inspiring   b. torture  c. embroider        d. investigation    e. attracting

The following sentences depict some of the important events in Paulo Coelho’s life. Put them in chronological order.

He travelled to Santiago de Compostela which inspired him to write The Pilgrimage.

He was enrolled in a law school.

He got married to the artist, Christina Oiticica.

He stayed in a mental hospital.

Coelho established the Paulo Coelho Institute.

He left school and lived the life of a hippie.

Coelho wanted to become a writer.

Coelho wrote the allegorical novel The Alchemist.

Answer

Coelho wanted to become a writer.

He stayed in a mental hospital.

He was enrolled in a law school.

He left school and lived the life of a hippie.

He travelled to Santiago de Compostela which inspired him to write The Pilgrimage.

Coelho wrote the allegorical novel The Alchemist.

He got married to the artist, Christina Oiticica.

Coelho established the Paulo Coelho Institute.

Answer the following questions.

Why did Coelho’s parents discourage him from becoming a writer?

What changed Coelho’s life in a significant way?

Why is The Alchemist special?

What are most of his books about?

Write two evidences that prove Coelho is an international author.

What are the criticisms of his writing?

Write the names of two books which focus on Coelho’s travels.

Answer:

Coelho’s parents discouraged him from becoming a writer because they wanted him to become a lawyer.

A pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in Spain where he experienced a spiritual awakening and felt inspired to write the book “The Pilgrimage (1987)” which changed Coelho’s life in a significant way.

The Alchemist is special because it has become a worldwide phenomenon. Coelho’s has earned popularity as an international author. It has sold, by Coelho’s count roughly 35 million copies and is now the most translated book in the world by any living author.

Most of his books are autobiographic in nature and deal with spirituality and faith, societal impacts on individuals and love.

The two pieces of evidence that prove Coelho as an international author are:

Many of his books are translated into different languages and enormously sold and

He has received several prestigious awards in international level.

The criticisms of his writing are that his books merely promote vague spirituality devoid of rigour.

‘Aleph’ and ‘Hippie’ are the two books which focus on Coelho’s travels mostly.

Which of Paulo Coelho’s books would you most like to read?

Give reasons for your choice.

Answer

I would like to read MAKTUB which is the finest novel of Paolo Cohelo.

Maktub means “It is written…” It is a suitable title for a collection of stories and parables that symbolize a colorful wealth of wisdom broken down into bits. These brief texts, inspired by many sources and folklore, arose from Paulo Coelho’s contribution to the Brazilian newspaper Folha de Sao Paulo.

I’m not sure if Paulo Coelho is a writer or a saint, and I’m not sure where he got the inspiration for so many short stories in this book. It appears to be a life-time collection. Paulo Coelho is heavily affected by Sufism, which explains how, like Alchemist, he began his novels with God and destiny but ended up spinning around numerous parts of life in all their richness and colours.

In the book we find the carriers traveled at a quicker pace for many days. But one afternoon, they all dropped their burdens and sat on the ground. They refused to go no matter how much money was provided. When the explorer eventually inquired why they were acting so strangely, he was given the following response. “We were working at such a breakneck rate that we had lost track of what we were doing.” Now we must wait for our soul to catch up with us.”

The book is loaded with meaningful, heartwarming stories that have taught me one of life’s most valuable lessons: “There is a cost to following one’s dreams, but it is never as great as the cost of not living out one’s particular destiny and hearing our own heart declare “I wasted my life.”

Grammar I (page 150)

Complete the following sentences with the article ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’.

Sudip bought …….. expensive guitar yesterday. ………….. guitar is beautiful.

Ms Sherpa is ……..university student.

…….. boy wearing a black cap is my brother.

I have given him half……..hour to finish the task.

Angelia has……..beautiful daughter named Sophia.

Mr Gurung is ……..S.P. of Nepal Police.

Is diamond …………. hardest substance in the world?

Mrs Yadav is ………. honourable teacher.

Rice sells at Rs. 60 ……… kilo.

I met …………. European writer last Monday.

Answer:

an   b. a c. The         d. an   e. a  f. an    g. the h. an   i. a   j. a

Writing I (page 150)

Read the following review of The Alchemist, one of the most popular books of Paulo Coelho. Make notes and underline key points as you read. You will use the example to write your own review.

A Review of ‘Agni’

Title:          Agni

Author:     Nabaraj Lamsal

Published Date: 10-09-2021

Book Award: Madan Puraskar

ISBN:        9789937753067

Publisher: Book Hill

Book Genre: Epic (Poem)

Nabaraj Lamsal has published songs, poems and epics. His voice has been heard in Radio Nepal for almost 30 years as a radio personality. Possessing a mesmerizing voice, he has written three epics namely ‘Karna’, ‘Dhara’ and ‘Agni’. Similarly, two song collections and two poetry collections have also been published. Lamsal’s latest work ‘Agni’ won the 2078 Madan Award. A conversation with Lamsal about the epic ‘Agni’ and his literary journey:

Going back in time, the book tells the account of King Shah Prithvi Narayan Shah and the Sen Kings of Nepal, who supposedly strove to put an end to inequality. It also discusses how power may be used to hurt marginalized people and recommends societal changes and marginalized people’s independence. It is an epic that depicts the struggle and suffering of Nepal’s underprivileged people. The writer employed prose as a way to represent the experiences of numerous members of Nepal’s disadvantaged population, revolving around themes of caste discrimination and untouchability that are prominent in Nepali culture.

In the epic Agni, the marginalized Dalit community is sidelined by the state itself. This book has raised their issue. When Prithvi Narayan Shah was unifying Gorkha, there were 1100 households. Now, instead of fighting, the villagers asked to collect 1 rupee from each house. 1100 rupees were collected from that. With that money, Prithvi Narayan Shah went to Jasvir Kami’s Aran. Where he made swords, khukuri. During the Nuwakot war in the Trishuli river, the army was not able to cross the river from Shubhghat. Jalewa Majhi cut wood and built a boat to cross the river. In this book this question is raised, where are the children of Bise Nagarchi, Jasvir Kami and Jalewa Majhi today? The poet wrote Agni because of the awareness that he should write about those marginalized people who fought for state power.

This is very good epic. I request all to read it to learn about the scenario during the period of unification.

Unit 12 (Grade 9) People and Places (Part II)

Unit 12 People and Place

Reading II

Look at the picture below and guess the answers to the following questions.

What are the two women doing?

Answer: One woman is doing household works whereas another woman is sitting and having hot drink.

What do you think the relationship is between the two women?

Answer: The relationship between the two women is mistress and servant.

Madam and Her Madam (page 152)

Match the following words/phrases in column A with their meanings in column B.

Column A                Column B

mean                  i.  not giving up easily

get through       ii.  a horse that is used to carry heavy loads

dinner                iii. cease to function; collapse

break down      iv. unkind

pack-horse       v. a formal and polite way of speaking to a woman

Madam              vi. to manage to do or complete something

dogged              vii. the main meal of the day

Answer:

mean                  iv. unkind

get through       vi. to manage to do or complete something

dinner                vii. the main meal of the day

break down      iii. cease to function; collapse

pack-horse       ii.  a horse that is used to carry heavy loads

Madam              v. a formal and polite way of speaking to a woman

dogged              i.  not giving up easily

Answer the following questions.

Was the Madam really not mean? Why does the speaker say ‘she wasn’t mean’?

Make a list of work that the maid had to do.

What made her nearly break down?

How did the Madam respond to the maid’s question?

Answer:

No, the madam was really mean. The speaker says ‘she wasn’t mean’ because she is so polite and frank in speaking but she makes her do hard labour.

The list of work that the maid had to do are:

Clean 12 rooms of the house

Prepare all meals

Take care of her children

Wash, iron an scrub

The heavy duties of the mistress made her nearly break down.

The madam responded very politely and lovingly to the maid’s question.

The poem above presents an example of one type of discrimination. What kinds of discrimination are in existence in your society? Discuss.

Answer:

Nepal is a multilingual, multicultural and multireligious country. The same situation is appeared in my society too. There are some good as well as some bad practices seen. We can find discrimination and social inequality in my society.

Discrimination can be based on a variety of factors, including age, gender, weight, ethnicity, religion, or even politics. Racism, for example, refers to prejudice and discrimination based on race. Gender bias or discrimination is sometimes referred to as sexism. In other words, discrimination is the practice of distinguishing, excluding, or favoring persons based on their race, color, gender, religion, political beliefs, or any other form of social status. Such a preference or exclusion is discriminatory in the sense that it negates or damages equality of opportunity and favors some over others in job, vocation, political power control, distribution, and usage. Such discriminations are found in my society.

Preferences given to one segment of society over another in the distribution and distribution of social privileges and chances is a major violation of human rights. It is a very bad practice. A number of international organisations and agreements have proclaimed that equality in life possibilities is a fundamental human right of all people living wherever in the globe. However, the international community’s concern and associated voices made by civil society are not taken seriously in many locations. It should be taken seriously and and should be controlled.

Not only in my society but also in many regions of the world continue to face discrimination on the basis of their race, color, creed, caste, gender, and ethnicity. The people of the world are facing this problem. I request the government, NGOs, INGOs and so-called social organisations to work seriously to control such social evils.

Grammar II (page 155)

Fill in the blanks with a, an or the where necessary. If no article is necessary put a cross (X).

A: Where did you have……lunch?

B: We went to ……restaurant.

A: Did you have …….nice holiday?

B: Yes, it was …….best holiday I’ve ever had.

A: Where’s …..nearest grocery shop?

B: There is one at …..end of this street.

A: Do you often listen to……. radio?

B: No. In fact, I haven’t got ……radio.

A: Would you like to travel in ……..space?

B: Yes, I’d love to go to ………Moon.

A: Do you go to …….cinema very often?

B: No. But I do watch a lot of films on …….television.

A: You had …….. nice time yesterday, didn’t you?

B: Yes, we went for a walk by …….. Narayani River.

A: Can you tell me where ……… head teacher’s room is?

B: It’s on …….. second floor.

Answer:

A: (X)

B: a

A: a

B: the

A: the

B: the

A: the

B: a

A: (X)

B: the

A: the

B: the

A: a

B: the

A: the

B: the

A: (X)

B: (X)

Writing II (page 156)

Write a short biography of Nepali National Poet, Madav Prasad Ghimire, based on the outline given below.

Madhav Prasad Ghimire

Birth:         23 September, 1919, Pustun, Lamjung

Childhood:   brought up by his father and grandfather after his mother’s death learned the Panchanga, went to Duradanda, Lamjung, and later to Kathmandu to study Sanskrit, studied in Banaras, India too

Career :         writing career began in Lamjung as a writer for Bhashanubad Parishad, and later as an editor for The Gorkhapatra

Works  :        Gauri (epic), Malati Mangale, Manjari, Indrakumari, Rastra Nirmata, Kinnar-Kinnari (lyrical anthology), Charu Charcha (essay collection), Aafno Bansuri Aafnai Geet, Himal Pari Himal Wari, Aswathama, Rajheswari and  Shakuntala (epic)

Awards and Honours: Distinguished Academy Medal-Shree Prasiddha Praval Gorkha Dakshinabahu -Bhanubhakta Award-Tribhuwan Pragya Puraskar-Padmashree Sadhana Samman Puraskar-Sajha Award

Personal Life: six daughters and two sons from two marriages

Death :          18 August 2020 at the age of 100, Lainchaur, Kathmandu- cremated with state honours

Answer

Madhav Prasad Ghimire:

Madhav Prasad Ghimire was born on September 23, 1919, in a town known as Pustun, in Lamjung district of Nepal. Ghimire’s mother died when he was around a year and a half, and he grew up in the Lamjung. His father and grandparents raised him among the hills, forests, rivers, and peaceful streams of rural Nepal. He learnt to read at the age of six, and the Panchanga at the age of eight or nine. He left home at the age of eleven and went to Duradada to study Sanskrit. Ghimire’s first instructor was a holy man who taught him and his classmates the English letters from an old grammar book. His formal education began when he was 12 years old, when his father sent him to study astrology, which he directed for more than two years. He was then sent to the Bhasa Patshala language school, which was approximately two hours distant from his village. He then moved to Kathmandu to study in Sanskrit Pradhan Pathshala and Tindhara Sanskrit Pathsala. He subsequently moved to India to continue studying and spend time studying at Banaras.

His writing career began in Lamjung as a writer of Bhashanubad Parishad. At the age of 14, he had his first publication in Gorkhapatra. Gyanpuspa was the title of his work. Later in life, he served as a co-editor for Gorkhapatra. He worked as a writer for Bhashanubad Parishad (1941 AD) and as co-editor of Gorkhapatra after graduation from Banaras (1944 AD). He returned to his birthplace in 2008 and worked as a teacher for a short time. Ghimire was vice chancellor of the Royal Academy of Nepal from 1979 to 1988 and chancellor from 1988 to 1990. During his tenure, he led delegations to China, Russia and Bangladesh.

He is highly renowned for his inspiring works such as Gauri, Malati Mangale, Manjari, Indrakumari, Rastra Nirmata, Kinnar-Kinnari (lyrical anthology), Charu Charcha (essay collection), Aafno Bansuri Aafnai Geet, Himal Pari Himal Wari, Aswathama, Rajheswari, and Shakuntala (epic). He was named Nepal’s Rashtra Kavi (national poet). He is probably one of the few Nepalese poets who achieve fame and prosperity rather than the unfortunate oblivion that is usually bestowed upon them.

For his distinguished service, he was awarded the Distinguished Academy Medal, the Shree Prasiddha Praval Gorkha Dakshinabahu, the Bhanubhakta Prize, and the Tribhuwan Pragya Puraskar. He also earned the Padmashree Sadhana Samman Puraskar and the Sajha Award.

A proud father of six daughters and two boys, all of whom were highly educated, the stunning jewel of the country lived his golden years calmly with his second wife, Mahakali. At the final part of his life, he didn’t have much time to write.

He died in Kathmandu on August 18, 2020, at the age of 100. In Lainchaur, Kathmandu, he was cremated with full state honors.

Unit 13 Organization Profile and Authority

Getting started

Which organizations do these logos represent? Discuss why these organizations were established.

Answer these questions.

What does ADB stand for?

Does this organisation work in Nepal?

Answer:

ADB stands for Asian Development Bank.

Yes, it works in Nepal.

Reading I -Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI)

What is ADBI?

Find the words from the text and solve the crossword puzzle.

Across

a medium where people exchange their opinions and idea

a plan to achieve a particular purpose

utilisation of a decision

a common opinion

a large official meeting

view point

Down

a meeting for discussion

a formal plan

Answer:

Across

forum

strategy

implication

consensus

conference

perspective

Down

collaboration

conference

proposal

Fill in the gaps with correct words/phrases from the text.

The ………works under the direction of the ADB President.

The organisation emphasises its activities in the areas where it has ……

It provides …….for policy makers in its developing member countries.

The basis for research topics are ADB’s ………………

ADBI has close relations with various …………think tanks.

Answer:

The development works under the direction of the ADB President.

The organisation emphasises its activities in the areas where it has strategic advantages.

It provides intellectual input for policy makers in its developing member countries.

The basis for research topics are ADB’s priority sectors and themes.

ADBI has close relations with various national and regional think tanks.

Answer the following questions.

What does ADBI stand for?

Who is this organisation supported by?

State any two objectives of ADBI.

How does ADBI run its programmes?

What do the ADBI’s research programmes contribute to?

What are the forms of ADBI’s capacity-building and training programmes?

How does it distribute its research results and outputs?

Answer:

ADBI stands for Asian Development Bank Institute.

This organisation is supported by an independent Advisory Council.

The objectives of ADBI are to identify effective development strategies and improve the capacity for sound development of the agencies and organisations engaged in development work in ADB’s developing member countries.

ADBI runs its programmes by conducting research with a focus on medium to long-term development issues of strategic importance and through capacity building and training (CBT).

The ADBI’s research programmes contribute to the development policy debate and help to identify effective development strategies and improve the capacity for sound development in the region.

The forms of ADBI’s capacity-building and training programmes are policy dialogues, course-based training, and e-learning.

ADBI distributes its research results and outputs through multiple channels, including media, publications, webpage and social media.

Name any three international organisations that are working in Nepal. Talk to your friends about their objectives and functions.

Grammar I

Make as many sentences as possible from the table below.

Example: Mina went to university to be a lecturer.

A rice cooker is meant for cooking rice.

A washing machine is meant for washing clothes.

She’s got a driving license to drive a bus.

Mahanta took Maths to be an engineer……

Fill in the blanks with because/because of/so that/to/for/ although/in spite of.

………..it rained heavily, we played the football match.

We couldn’t enjoy the trekking much …………the snowfall.

………..all our efforts, we couldn’t run the programme smoothly.

Deepak went back to the village………….he could enjoy a pleasant life there.

He went to hospital ………see a doctor.

I bought an envelope ……….sending a letter.

I could not attend my classes yesterday ……….I was feeling unwell.

Suprima accepted the job……….the salary, which was quite low.

I could not get to sleep ………the noise.

I managed to get to sleep ……….there was a lot of noise.

Answer:

although

because of

in spite of

so that

to

for

because

in spite of

because of

although

Writing I

Study the given advertisement.

TIGER SHOES

The best sports shoes. So remarkably original, that no other shoes have managed to match Tiger. Tiger 50% off

at New Year shoes are made for champions. To win the game, everyone should  wear Tiger.

Only use with special Tiger socks.

Design similar advertisements for the following items. Use the given prompts.

headline picture/illustration        features      offer      warranty

calculator                    b.  mobile phone          c. watch

Reading II

Answer the following questions.

When do you usually congratulate people?

Answer: We usually congratulate people when they achieve something good thing in their life.

Mention the occasions you have been congratulated.

Answer: I have been congratulated when I received first prize in essay competition.

A. Find the words from the text and complete the sentences.

I really admire you for your ………….. explanation.

An ……. person can, no doubt, see many positive things at a glance.

The work was done with a professional ……………….

Please make every ………….. to arrive on time.

Parents are ………… proud of their children’s achievements.

Answer:

impressive

unbiased

standard

news

justifiably

Answer the following questions.

a        Where does Anil Gurung live?

b        Why is Anil Gurung writing this letter?

c        Why is her new position an opportunity for Mrs. Rai?

d        What does Anil Gurung expect from Mrs. Rai as the chief editor?

e        How can you say that Anil Gurung is a helpful person?

f         What could be the relationship between Mrs. Rai and Anil Gurung?

Answer:

Anil Gurung lives in Changunarayan, Bhaktapur.

Anil Gurung is writing this letter to congratulate Mrs Rai on her recent      appointment to the Chief Editor of The Nepal Times.

Her new position an opportunity for Mrs. Rai is to set the standard for future chief editors.

Anil Gurung expects unbiased news stories and articles from Mrs. Rai as the chief editor.

I can say that Anil Gurung is a helpful person because he promises to assist her.

The relationship between Mrs. Rai and Anil Gurung could be friends.

Have you ever sent a letter of congratulations to anybody? Why did you send it? Share your experiences and feelings.

Grammar II

Join the following pairs of sentences with the connectives given in the brackets.

I couldn’t sleep. I was tired. (despite)

They have little money. They are living happily. (even though)

He went to the tap. He wanted to bring a pail of water. (in order to)

I enjoyed the film. The story was not very good. (though)

We live in the same colony. We hardly meet each other. (in spite of)

I was not wet. I had an umbrella. (because)

I ate all the food. It was not very tasty. (although)

He went to the bank. He could cash the cheque. (so that)

Answer:

I couldn’t sleep despite my tiredness.

They are living happily even though they have little money.

He went to the tap in order to bring a pail of water.

I enjoyed the film though the story was not very good.

We hardly meet each other in spite of living in the same colony.

I was not wet because I had an umbrella.

I ate all the food although it was not very tasty.

He went to the bank so that he could cash the cheque.

Writing II

Study the given message of congratulations.

Congratulations!

Our special thanks and

tribute

to

Mr Mahabir Pun,

President of ENRD for being awarded

The Ramon Magsaysay Award,

2007.

This was for his outstanding contribution to Community Leadership and bringing unprecedented changes in rural livelihoods through the use of Internet Technology.

E-Network Research and Development, Nepal

Write a message of congratulations to your neighbour who has received a full scholarship to complete his or her studies.

Answer

Congratulations!

My special thanks and tribute to

Mr. Ashok Poudel,

For getting full scholarship to study micro biology in Indira Gandhi University, India. Congrats! It’s so decent to see that your diligent work has at last paid off. Make good use of your scholarship. The success of this scholarship opens the entryways to your splendid future.

I am so pleased and proud of your great achievement. May the Almighty keep his grace on you to achieve many great things in life.  Keep it up, dear

Mr. Anupam Pandit

Imagine that your uncle/aunt has been elected as the Mayor/ Chairperson of your Municipality or Rural Municipality. Write a formal message of congratulations to him/her to be published in a newspaper.

Answer

Congratulations!

My special thanks and tribute to

Mr. Arjan Sharma,

For getting golden chance to be elected as the mayor of Daran Municipality, Province-1, Nepal. Your election comes at a time of crisis for Nepal including different local governments. I hope you will certainly solve different problems of the municipality. Congrats! It’s so decent to see that your diligent work has at last paid off. Make good use of your intelligent. Heartiest felicitation of this opportunity opens the entryways to your splendid future and the progress of the municipality.

I wish your success during your mandate as Chairperson of the municipality.

Mr. Denial Daan

Unit 14 History and Civilization

Reading I The Maya Empire

Look at the following pictures and answer these questions.

What is the name of the invention shown in the picture?

Who was it developed by?

A. Match the following words from the text with their meanings.

drought i.  an instance of a large number of people or things arriving somewhere

excel     ii.  a picture representing a word, syllable or sound

hieroglyph iii.  to be very good at doing something

dominant  iv. digging ground to look for old buried buildings or objects

concentration v.  a long period of time when there is little or no rain

invasion  vi. a lot of something in one place

excavation vii.  more important, powerful or easy to notice than other things

Answer:

drought          v.  a long period of time when there is little or no rain

excel              iii.  to be very good at doing something

hieroglyph    ii.  a picture representing a word, syllable or sound

dominant       vii.  more important, powerful or easy to notice than other things

concentration   vi. a lot of something in one place

invasion        i. an instance of a large number of people or things arriving somewhere

excavation    iv. digging ground to look for old buried buildings or objects

Find the words in the text and fill in the crossword puzzle.

Across

people who follow each other in time or order

a loss of power, prosperity or status

complete with regard to every detail

a union or association formed for mutual benefit

Down

complete disorder and confusion

very complicated and detailed

to use all of something so that there is none left

Answer:

Across

succession

downfall

torture

alliance

Down

chaos

elaborate

exhaust

Choose the correct answer.

When did the Maya Civilisation reach its height?

sixth century AD   ii. ninth century AD         iii. 250 AD

Why were the Mayas unlikely to be invaded by the Mesoamericans?

They had scattered to many places. ii. They were concentrated in a particular area. iii. They lived together with their relatives.

What has fascinated researchers about the Mayas from the southern lowlands?

the stone cities   ii. the cultural differences

iii. the pyramid buildings

Which period of the Maya Civilisation is considered the golden age?

The Medieval Period    ii. The Classic Period iii. The Pre-Classic Period

Whom did the Mayas consider their god?

nature      ii. the king       iii. the people

According to scholars, which of the following is NOT the cause of Maya downfall?

environmental exhaustion  ii. internal warfare iii. foreign invasion

Answer:

1. sixth century AD
2. They were concentrated in a particular area.
3. the stone cities
4. The Classic Period
5. nature

iii. foreign invasion

Match the paragraph numbers with respective information.

I       i.      occupation of the earliest Maya society

II     ii.    number of people in the Maya civilisation

III    iii.  achievement by the Maya civilisation in different sectors

IV   iv.    places where the Mayas lived

V     v.     categories of the places where the Mayans lived

VI   vi.   spirituality of the Mayan people

VII  vii.  fights with the neighbouring states as the possible cause of downfall

VIII viii.  time when the downfall of the Maya Civilisation started

Answer:

I-I, II- iv, III-v, IV-iii, V-ii, VI-vi, VII-viii, VIII-vii

Why is the study of history important to us? Prepare a mindmap of your thoughts and discuss with your friends.

Grammar I

Compare what Samita said in the past and what she says now.

FIVE YEARS AGO

I travel a lot.                                                 I’m a hotel receptionist.

I play the piano.                                           I’ve got lots of friends.

I’m very lazy.                                                I never read newspapers.

I don’t like cheese.                                      I don’t drink tea.

I’ve got a dog.                                               I go to a lot of parties.

TODAY

I eat a lot of cheese now.                            My dog died two years ago.

I work very hard these days.                      I read a newspaper every day now.

I work in a bookshop now.                        I haven’t been to a party for ages.

I don’t know many people these days.      I haven’t played the piano for years.

I don’t go away much these days.             Tea’s great! I like it now.

Now, make sentences using used to/didn’t use to/never used to as in the example.

Example:  She used to travel a lot but she doesn’t go away much these days.

She used to travel a lot but she doesn’t go away much these days.

She used to play the piano but she hasn’t played the piano for years.

She used to be very lazy but she works very hard these days.

She didn’t use to like cheese but she eats a lot of cheese now.

She used to have a dog but her dog died two years ago.

She used to be a hotel receptionist but she works in a bookshop now.

She used to have lots of friends but she doesn’t know many people these days.

She didn’t use to read newspapers but she reads a newspaper every day now.

She didn’t use to drink tea but she likes it now.

She used to go to a lot of parties but she hasn’t been to a party for ages.

Rewrite the following sentences using used to or didn’t use to.

I lived with my parents.

Did you swim in the river every summer?

He never smoked.

I played tennis at school.

Villagers walked for hours to reach the nearest health post.

There was a dense forest around the village.

What did you do in your childhood?

I didn’t write stories.

Did people travel by airplanes?

Where did you go to deposit your money?

Answer:

I used to live with my parents.

Did you use to swim in the river every summer?

He didn’t use to smoke.

I used to play tennis at school.

Villagers used to walk for hours to reach the nearest health post.

There used to be a dense forest around the village.

What did you use to do in your childhood?

I didn’t use to write stories.

Did people use to travel by airplanes?

Where did you use to go to deposit your money?

Writing I

Read the following story carefully. Then give it a suitable title.

There lived a fox in a forest.  One day, he thought of a plan to have fun with a stork from the same forest. The fox always used to laugh at the appearance of the stork.

“You must come and dine with me today,” he said to the stork, smiling to himself at the trick he was going to play. The stork gladly accepted the invitation and arrived in good time and with a very good appetite.

For dinner the fox served soup. But it was set out in a very shallow dish, and all the stork could do was to wet only the tip of his bill. He could not drink a single drop of the soup. But the fox lapped it up easily, and, to increase the disappointment of the stork, made a great show of his enjoyment.

The hungry stork was much displeased at the trick, but he was a calm-tempered fellow and saw no good in flying into a rage. Instead, not long afterward, he invited the fox to dine with him in turn. The fox arrived promptly at the time that had been set, and the stork served a fish dinner that had a very appetizing smell. But it was served in a tall jar with a very narrow neck. The stork could easily get at the food with his long bill, but the fox could only lick the outside of the jar, and sniff at the delicious smell. And when the fox lost his temper, the stork said calmly, “Do not play tricks on your neighbours unless you can stand the same treatment yourself.”

Answer:

The Fox and the Stork

Develop readable stories based on the given outlines.

A king……….enemies defeat him six times…… hides in a cave……… sees a spider……….. climbing the wall…………fails for six times ………. succeeds on the 7th attempt ………. the king learns a lesson. ……..  collects courage and attacks enemies……… succeed…….. moral

Answer:

A Defeated King

Once upon a time, there was a king. His name was Robert Bruce. He was attacked by other kings. He was defeated by them. After being beaten by his enemies, he lost his kingdom. At any costs, he wanted to retake his kingdom. He fought fiercely. He made a big troop of soldiers. He attacked them but failed each and every time. He did six efforts but he had bad fortune. Each time he got beaten. Finally, he decided to escape from there. He left there and started to live in a cave.

While he was staying in the cave, he saw a spider. The spider was trying to climb the cave’s roof. But he failed each and every time. The spider failed six times but didn’t lose hope. It tried again and on the seventh attempt it got success. The king felt quite motivated. He gathered his forces, attacked his enemies, boldly engaged them for the seventh time, and ultimately succeeded over them. As a result, he found his lost kingdom.

Moral: Perseverance is the root of success.

Two friends meet a bear….one climbs a tree …the other lies down as if dead….the  bear smells his limbs…..goes away…..the first man comes down and asks….what the bear said……”beware of friends who run away  in danger.”…..moral

Answer:

Selfish Friend

Once upon a time two friends were strolling through the woods. They were aware that anything bad may happen to them in the jungle at any time. They thus made a promise to one another that they would stick together in the event of danger. Thus they were walking very carefully in the forest.

They were frightened because they saw a big bear heading their way. Immediately, one of the friends climbed a neighboring tree. The other, though, was unable to climb. So, following his common sense, he collapsed on the ground, appearing to be dead.

The bear approached the man who was supine. It smelled in his ears before gently leaving the area. The bear thought that he was dead so it left him. It was because bears do not handle the dead animals. The other friend who was on the tree became surprise. He said, “What did the bear say into your ears, my friend?” The friend on the on the ground replied, “The bear cautioned me not to believe on deceptive friend.”

Moral: True Friend is one who always supports and stands by you in any situation.

Reading II The History of Money

Look at the pictures and answer the following questions.

What are these currencies?

What would happen if we didn’t have money?

Answer:

They are coins and note currencies of Nepali rupees and the American dollar.

If we didn’t have money, we cannot purchase anything.

The History of Money (page 178)

Find the words from the text above that have the following meanings.

r………      the period during which a king, queen, emperor, etc. rules

p………     to happen before something

r………      to control something by means of rules

c………     simply and without much skill or attention to detail

f………      to form a border around something

l………      something that somebody has done successfully

f………      an official order given by somebody in authority

s………     free to govern itself; completely independent

i………      belonging naturally; essential

Answer:

regime

precede

reign

crudely

fringe

legacy

form

sovereign

intrinsic

Complete the table below with the correct information about the development of money.

Answer:

Timeline                               Events

1200 BCE                          cowrie shells used as money

2000 BCE                              coins made of metal

6th century BCE                    currency made of leather and animals

997–1022 CE                        paper currency made of mulberry trees

1821 CE                                 the gold standard unit of currency

21st century                           digital payment and virtual currency

B. Answer the following questions.

What did people use to make a trade before the invention of money?

How were temples used as banks in the past?

What was the benefit of using cowrie shells as money?

Describe the coins invented by Turkey.

Why did the leaders in international finance introduce the gold standard in currency?

What form of money is being used in the 21st century?

Answer:

Before the invention of money, the basis of early commerce was barter, a system of direct exchange of one product for another.

Temples were used to store grain and other valuables used in trade as banks.

The benefit of using cowrie shells as money was that they were similar in size, small, and durable.

The coins invented by Turkey were made of electrum, a natural mixture of gold and silver, shaped like beans, these coins featured the royal symbol, a lion.

The leaders in international finance introduced the gold standard in currency since the paper money (promissory note) comes with a number of problems.

The 21st century has given rise to novel forms of money including digital payment and virtual currency such as bitcoin.

How might people trade in the next 20 years? What form of money might be used? Talk to your friends.

Grammar II

Study the following sentences and notice simple past, past continuous and past perfect.

While I was studying, Karen phoned me three times.

They were playing football when the storm started.

While she was working in India, she began to learn Hindi.

I had finished the shopping when I met Manoj.

When we got to the party, most people had already left.

It was the best movie I’d ever seen.

He had already read the book so I gave it to his sister.

She had known him since they were children.

In 2005, I was living in Biratnagar.

She called me yesterday.

Answer:

past continuous and simple past

past continuous and simple past

past continuous and simple past

past perfect and simple past

simple past and past perfect

simple past and past perfect

past perfect and simple past

past perfect and simple past

past continuous

simple past

Use simple past, past continuous or past perfect forms of the verbs in the brackets to complete the following sentences.

Mr. Singh ………. (wait) for me when I reached the station.

A: What …………… (do) this time yesterday?

B: I was reading a novel.

A: ………….. (go) out last night?

B: No, I was too busy to go out.

A: Was Sapana at the party?

B: Yes, she ………. (dance) with Ravi.

A: What ………. (do) when the earthquake occurred?

B: I was cooking meal.

He ……….. (fall) off the wall when Sanam pushed him.

I ………. (be) really in a difficult situation when I lost the job.

When I was young, I ………….. (want) to become a doctor.

I ……………. (do) my homework when the telephone rang.

When I last saw Kiran, he ………… (work) in his garden.

Answer:

was waiting

were you doing

Did you go

danced

were you doing

fell

was

wanted

was doing

was working

Find the mistakes in the story below and correct the verb forms throughout.

This happens to me when I was in India. I used to go to my office by train. On this particular evening, I hurry to my station but when I reached there, the train has already gone. I bought a newspaper and packet of biscuits and sit on the bench. While I am reading, a man came and sits down opposite me. There was nothing special about him, except that he is very tall. I was still reading when my eyes catch a very strange sight. The man reached over the table, open my packet of biscuits, took one, dip it into his coffee and popped it into his mouth. I couldn’t believe my eyes. But I didn’t want to make a fuss, so I ignored it. I just take a biscuit myself and went back to the newspaper. While I was pretended to be very interested in the news, the man took a second biscuit. After a couple of minutes I casually put a biscuit in my mouth and decide to leave. I was ready to go when the man stood up and hurriedly leave. I folded my newspaper and stand up. And there on the table, where my newspaper had been was my packet of biscuits.

Answer:

This happened to me when I was in India. I used to go to my office by train. On this particular evening, I hurried to my station but when I reached there, the train had already gone. I bought a newspaper and packet of biscuits and sat on the bench. While I was reading, a man came and sat down opposite me. There was nothing special about him, except that he was very tall. I was still reading when my eyes caught a very strange sight. The man reached over the table, opened my packet of biscuits, took one, dipped it into his coffee and popped it into his mouth. I couldn’t believe my eyes. But I didn’t want to make a fuss, so I ignored it. I just took a biscuit myself and went back to the newspaper. While I was pretended to be very interested in the news, the man took a second biscuit. After a couple of minutes I casually put a biscuit in my mouth and decided to leave. I was ready to go when the man stood up and hurriedly left. I folded my newspaper and stood up. And there on the table, where my newspaper had been was my packet of biscuits.

Writing II

Do students need to learn history? Why? Write an essay on ‘The Importance of History’.

Answer:

The Importance of History

We People live in the present. We plan for the future and worry about it. On the other hand, history is the study of the past. Everything that has been done is “history,” and because historical periods like colonialism, industrialization, and so forth shaped modern civilization, history has a direct impact on us every day.

History is an immutable component that can be consulted for knowledge and insight into how the world came to be at the position it is today and how it will continue to grow in the future. It spans all cultures, eras, seasons, and locations. The functions of history can appear harder to define than those of engineering or medicine in a culture that quite rightly wants education to serve beneficial goals. The results of historical study are less immediate and sometimes less tangible than those that come from some other disciplines, yet they are nevertheless very important and even essential.

History has already been justified for reasons that we no longer accept. No matter how it is studied, history is an essential part of our understanding of the world. It helps us to make sense of the present, and to prepare for the future. It enables us to see the interconnectedness of events and to understand cause and effect. It helps us to appreciate the achievements of past cultures and to learn from their mistakes.

Additionally, history gives a sense of continuity and identity. It aids in our understanding of our origins and identity. It helps us understand our own values and ideas as well as the diversity of civilizations throughout the world. Most importantly, history offers a base upon which later generations can develop. Future generations will inherit it from us, and it is something we all have in common.

We can gain a lot of knowledge from history. We can discover the past’s influence on the present. We can discover more about various cultures and their historical interactions. We can discover more about economics and the historical development of other societies. We can discover more about the natural world and its historical impact on humanity. In summary, history is a wealth of knowledge that can teach us about the world we live in.

Therefore, history is an essential part of our lives. It provides us with a sense of identity and continuity and helps us to understand the world around us. It is an important tool for learning and preparing for the future, which we all share in common.

Unit 15 -People and Lifestyle

Reading – I The Diary of a Young Girl

Look at each pair of pictures and talk about the differences with your classmates.

Look at the picture and answer the following questions:

What do you think the name of the girl is?

What do you think made her so popular?

Answer:

I think the name of the girl is Anne Frank.

Her diary where she has expressed her experience made her so popular.

A. The meanings of some of the words/ phrases from Anne Frank’s diary are given below. Find the words from the text and write them.

m………       a period of reflection or thought

s……….       rigid, not soft or flexible

b………  to think a lot about something that makes you annoyed, anxious or upset

t…………    a crowd of people

r…………  to make use of something, especially something bad

c…………  to tell somebody secrets and personal information

l…………    likely to do something

p…………  to get into something

p…………  to sit down heavily or carelessly

j…………    to write something quickly

Answer:

musings

stiff

brooding

throng

resort

confide

liable

plunge

plunk

jot down

Match the words in column A with their synonyms in column B.

Column A     Column B

listless           i.  announcement

adoring          ii.  serious

decree            iii.  loving

adorable        iv.  attractive

anxiety         v.  lethargic

capitulation  vi.  worry

solemn          vii  surrender

Answer:

listless = lethargic

adoring = loving

decree = announcement

adorable = attractive

anxiety = worry

capitulation = surrender

solemn = serious

Answer the following questions.

Why is writing a diary a strange thing to the writer?

What is the first reason for her to keep the diary?

Why is the writer unhappy despite having a loving family?

Who is Kitty?

Why did Margot and her sister not go to Holland together?

Why didn’t the writer have a birthday celebration in 1940?

Why did the writer’s uncle escape from Germany?

Answer:

Writing a diary is a strange thing to the writer because she has written nothing before

The first reason for her to keep the diary is that she doesn’t have any friend to to share her feelings and ideas.

The writer is unhappy despite having a loving family because she doesn’t have true friends with when she could spend the time.

Kitty is writer’s imaginative friend.

Margot and her sister did not go to Holland together because they were sent to Aachen to stay with their grandmother.

The writer didn’t have a birthday celebration in 1940 because the war started and Jews suffered due to Hitler’s attack.

The writer’s uncle escaped from Germany to find safe refugee as they were suffering under Hitler’s anti Jews laws.

Write T if the information is true, F if it is false and NG, if the information is not given.

The writer is tired of staying in her house.

The writer wants people to read her diary.

Edith Hollander Frank was a teacher in Holland.

The writer attended school in Germany until she was six.

The family came to Germany because it was difficult to live in Holland.

Jews were prohibited to be on top of their houses during day time.

There were very strict laws in Germany for Jewish people.

Answer:

The writer is tired of staying in her house. T

The writer wants people to read her diary. F

Edith Hollander Frank was a teacher in Holland. NG

The writer attended school in Germany until she was six. F

The family came to Germany because it was difficult to live in Holland. F

Jews were prohibited to be on top of their houses during day time. NG

There were very strict laws in Germany for Jewish people. NG

How does a diary entry help in understanding someone’s lifestyle? Explain.

Writing a personal diary has many uses.

It helps you to establish a writing routine. By jotting down thoughts everyday, you developing good writing habit and it will improve your writing skills.

It gives you the better perspective about your thoughts. Re-reading your past thoughts will help you realize that daily life changes and with that you also change.

It helps you to share your unsaid thoughts which you not comfortable sharing with others.

It helps you to spend your free time productively.

It helps you to be creative with your thoughts.

Thank you!

Grammar I

Complete the sentences with the present perfect or present perfect continuous forms of these verbs.

watch                    rain                           play                   do

water                     wait              clean

The boys………………computer games for over an hour.

You……………..TV all afternoon.

The road is wet; it………… just …………….. heavily.

“Why are your clothes wet?” ” I ……… just …………. the plants.”

I ……… the flat for two hours.

You look tired. What…….. you………?

I’m sorry I’m late. ……… you …….. long?

Answer:

The boys have you known computer games for over an hour.

You have you been doing TV all afternoon.

The road is wet; it has just rained heavily.

“Why are your clothes wet?” ” I have just watered the plants.”

I have cleaned the flat for two hours.

You look tired. What have you done?

I’m sorry I’m late. Have you been waiting long?

Put the words in brackets into the gaps. Use either present perfect or the present perfect continuous.

How long …………….. (you/know) Gerry?

You look dirty. What ………….. (you/do) all day?

How many times ………………. (Charles/visit) New York till now?

She ……….. (learn) French words for hours, but she still doesn’t remember all of them.

The children ……………. (watch) videos for two hours.

My father ………………. (never/eats) chocolates.

We ………. (not/see) Lisa recently.

He ………….  (write) his essay all day but he……….. (not/ finish) yet.

Answer:

How long have you known Gerry?

You look dirty. What have you been doing all day?

How many times has Charles visited New York till now?

She has been learning French words for hours, but she still doesn’t remember all of them.

The children have been watching videos for two hours.

My father has never eaten chocolates.

We have not seen Lisa recently.

He has been writing his essay all day but he has not finished yet.

Writing I

Keep a diary for a week. Mention the activities you did during the day. Also express your views and attitudes about a particular incident on each day.

Reading II The Rautes

Look at the pictures below and guess the answers to these questions.

Who are these people?

What do you know about these people?

Answer:

They are Rautes.

I know about these people from news and papers.

Find the words from the text and fill in the cross word puzzle.

Across

moving often from place to place – nomadic

existing over a large area – widespread

ruled by men – patriarchal

far-reaching – extensive

belonging to a particular place – indigenous

Down

deserving praise – commendable

unusual or surprising – remarkable

noticeable – prominent

Identify whether the following statements are true or false.

The Rautes move from one place to another for their settlements.

Rautes live in the far-western part of Nepal.

One of the means of their survival is woodcraft.

The maintenance of the nomadic culture is highly regarded.

The Raute community is female-dominated.

Answer:

The Rautes move from one place to another for their settlements. True

Rautes live in the far-western part of Nepal. False

One of the means of their survival is woodcraft. True

The maintenance of the nomadic culture is highly regarded. True

The Raute community is female-dominated. False

Answer the following questions.

What is the common belief about the history of the Rautes?

How do Rautes earn their living?

How do Raute children spend their days?

Why do the Rautes have good knowledge of the forest and its ecosystem?

Is the task division between male and female Rautes fair? Why?

What is special about the hunting skills of the Rautes?

Name the festivals that the Rautes celebrate.

What should modern people learn from the Rautes?

Answer:

1. The common belief about the history of the Rautes is that they are the last fulltime nomads of Nepal and have survived into this century.
2. Rautes earn their living by crafting of wooden products and hunting monkeys.
3. Raute children spend their days by playing with natural objects and roaming around the settlement.
4. The Rautes have good knowledge of the forest and its ecosystem since it is a part of their job to search for medicinal herbs, firewood and vegetables in the jungle.
5. Yes, it is because the members are given tasks according to their ability and all of them are involved in some kind of work.
6. Around 8-30 young and middle aged Raute members go hunting in a group with their nets without guns or bows and arrows for hunting that is special about the hunting skills of the Rautes.
7. The festivals that the Rautes celebrate are Saune Sankranti, Dashain, Tihar, Chaite Dashain and Maghe Sankranti.
8.   Modern people should learn to preserve their traditions, manage family and role of members, develop and use skills from the Rautes.
9. How do cultures and traditions affect people’s lifestyles? Discuss.

Culture is made-up of all of the things that happen in our life. Culture is defined by everything that goes on around the world including religion, language, cuisine, arts, music, literature, and more. Many things are affected by culture and traditions.

Growing up in a different culture and traditions inevitably has an impact on our way of life, most especially on our eating and life style. For instance, if you were raised in a Mediterranean culture, your diet would likely include of full grains, wholesome Latino meats, and seasonal veggies that are all good for your health. Because their cuisines are high in carbs and rich red meats, several other cultures, especially some in Europe, can have a negative impact on your health. Enjoy your culture and the unique cuisine it offers, but consider how you may change your dietary customs to promote heart health.

In some African tribes, for example, waking up and worrying about things like diseases (HIV, AIDS, malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, etc.), getting clean water, or for that matter getting any water at all, getting food that is clean, being healthy, etc., is a daily occurrence. This is why culture has to do with stress. Whereas in America, stress is typically caused by very different things like school bullying, tests and quizzes, finding employment, making enough money to pay for a house and maintain a family, and many other things that in Africa seem like a simple way of life. Stress is greatly influenced by culture.

Grammar II

Study the following conversation.

Binita :  Have you travelled a lot, Samir?

Samir :  Yes, I’ve been to lots of places.

Binita :   Really? Have you ever been to Sri Lanka?

Samir :   Yes, I’ve been to Sri Lanka once.

Binita :  What about China?

Samir :  No, I haven’t been to China.

Rewrite the following sentences with since or for. Use the clues in the brackets.

Example:    I know Samim. (I came to this school)

I have known Samim since I came to this school.

Pawan lives in Tanahun. (he was born)

Subin is unemployed. (last January)

Subash has a fever. (the last few days)

I want to go to Lumbini. (I was in grade five)

My brother is studying engineering. (three years)

I am working in Bhanu Municipality. (last year)

My cousin is in the army. (he was eighteen)

They are waiting for the bus. (half an hour)

Krish is doing his homework. (two hours)

Pramila is going to dance classes. (a month)

Answer:

1. Pawan has been living in Tanahun since he was born.
2. Subin has been unemployed since last January.
3. Subash has had a fever for the last few days.
4. I have wanted to go to Lumbini since I was in grade five.
5. My brother has been studying engineering for three years.
6. I have been working in Bhanu Municipality since last year.
7. My cousin has been in the army since he was eighteen.
8. They have been waiting for the bus for half an hour.
9. Krish has been doing his homework for two hours.
10. Pramila has been going to dance classes for a month.

Writing II

Write an essay on the effects junk foods have on children. Use the clues given below.

Introduction to junk food  causes: advertising, lack of education, etc.

Negative / harmful effects of junk food on health (headache, heart attacks,  dental problems, high blood pressure, obesity, high cholesterol, etc.)  Effects on the economy (more expenditure / extra burden to family, etc.)  Effects on other factors like socialisation, poor academic achievement, etc.

Conclusion

Answer:

Junk food is not a healthy food to the health which every kid and children must know because they generally love to eat junk food. Every child and child should realize that junk food is not a nutritious food for the health because they typically enjoy to eat junk food. The children are not well educated as well as they have seen attractive advertisement, they take junk food. In order to educate school kids about junk food, essays about it are frequently assigned during essay-writing contests. Here, we’ve provided a few straightforward essays on junk food from which you can select depending on the word count you require.

Good health is the necessity of living a healthy life for every one of us which needs to maintain a healthy diet and healthy habits throughout the life. However, the custom of eating junk food in many is increasing day by day and making our future sad and diseased especially our future generations. Parents should be very conscious towards the eating habits of their kids and children because in the childhood they never know and decide their good or bad so it is parents who are fully responsible for the good or bad eating habits among their kids. They should train their kids about eating habits from childhood and make them clear about the differences between healthy and junk foods.

It has an impact on everyone’s health, regardless of age, weight, or medical condition. Even though junk food is thought to be high in calories, those who eat it often feel hungry and need more food. Junk food doesn’t provide you the right amount of energy, so you start to crave food more frequently.

Project work

Conduct a brief survey of one of the ethnic communities of your locality. Based on your study, prepare a short report about it including the following aspects.

Introduction – population and history – settlement areas – lifestyle – culture and festivals, etc.