Family Exercise – Unit – II of NEB English Grade – 12
Working with words
A. Find the words from the text and solve the puzzle. The clues are given below.
ACROSS
1. the custom of having more than one wife at the same time – Polygamy
5. to find an acceptable way of dealing with opposing ideas, needs etc. – Conflict
6. the process in which towns, streets, etc. are built where there was once countryside – Urbanization
7. the process by which somebody learns to behave in an acceptable way in their society – Socialization
DOWN
1. ruled or controlled by men – Patriarchy
2. the act of taking over a position – takeover
3. done in a way without caring if people are shocked – surprise
4. single–parent – lone-parent
B. Find the meanings of the following family-related words and use them in your own sentences.
Nuclear family
Meaning: A family of a couple and their dependent children
Sentence: I live in a nuclear family and my parents are modern enough.
Monogamy
Meaning: The practice of marrying or the state of being married to one person at a time
Sentence: When my husband and I got married, we took a vow of monogamy.
Sibling–in–law
Meaning: Brother–in–law or sister–in–law
Sentence: I had a sibling–in–law, who came last Monday to see me.
Milk kinship
Meaning: A form of fostering allegiance with fellow community members
Sentence: Milk kinship, formed during nursing by a non–biological mother
Matrilineal
Meaning: Based on kinship with the mother or the female line
Sentence: The fact that all livestock are inherited along the matrilineal line is exceptional.
Nepotism
Meaning: The practice among those with power or influence of favoring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs.
Sentence: The nepotism in which the pope indulged is especially inexcusable.
Maternity:
Meaning: The period during pregnancy and shortly after childbirth, motherhood
Sentence: Many expectant mothers were crowded out of the maternity hospitals.
C. The following words are from the above text. Each word has two parts.
poly, un, non, dis and in are prefixes. They make new words when they are added to the beginning of other root words.
Make at least five words using the prefixes given. Consult a dictionary to learn how they change the meaning of root words.
Pre – preposition, precaution, previews, prefer, prepare
Semi – semi-abandoned, semiabstract, semiarid, semi-casual, semi-conductor
Sub – subconscious, subjugate, submissive, subordinate, subsidiary
Mis – misunderstand, mistake, misbehave, mistrust, misspell
Mono – monochrome, monocot, monocular, monoplane, monopoly
Un – unhappy, unhealthy, untouchable, undo, unemployment
In – internal, inflated, inject, informal, infant
Inter – Intermission, interactive, intercept, interchange, interlock
Comprehension
A. The headings of the first five paragraphs of the above text are given below. Write the paragraph numbers next to them.
a. Patriarchal family – 3
b. Functions of the family – 2
c. Modern model of family – 5
d. Effects of industrialization on family structure – 4
e. Defining family – 1
B. Answer the following questions.
a. What type of family is thought to be the oldest form of the family?
The nuclear family is thought to be the oldest form of family.
b. How does a family provide security to its members?
Family provides emotional and psychological security through warmth, love, and companionship. Families also provide physical security for their members, who are too young or too old.
c. What were the features of medieval European families?
The main feature of the Medieval European family is that it was a patriarchal or male-dominated extended family.
d. What caused the dissolution of extended families in the West?
Many people, particularly unmarried youths, left farms and went to urban centres to become industrial workers. Thus industrialization and urbanization led to the dissolution of extended families in the West.
e. What change occurred in gender roles in the modern family that emerged after the Industrial Revolution?
The following change occurred in gender roles in the modern family that emerged after the Industrial Revolution:
(i) Patriarchal rule began to give way to greater equality between the sexes.
(ii) Family roles once considered exclusively male or female broke down.
(iii) Some couples choose not to marry legally.
(iv) The rising levels of divorce led to increasing in the number of one-parent households.
f. What is family law?
Family law is a practice area concerned with legal issues involving family relationships, such as adoption, divorce, and child custody. Attorneys practising family law typically handle divorce, child custody, child support, and other related legal matters.
g. How is modern marriage defined?
Modern marriage is defined as a voluntary union, usually between a man and a woman.
h. What do special family courts try to do?
The special family court tries to deal more fairly with sensitive issues such as custody of children.
i. What does the legislation on child labour and child abuse declare?
The legislation on child labour and child abuse declares that there is a responsibility of society for a child’s best future and to provide compulsory education to children.
j. What is common among most legal systems regarding property?
In most legal systems a departed family member deals with property left by the deceased family member.
Critical Thinking
a. What changes have started to occur in Nepali families in recent days? What impacts will they bring on society? Discuss.
Everything is progressively evolving from traditional culture to modern culture now that the globe is in the twenty-first century. People nowadays desire to gratify their emotions. In modern civilizations, they adapt their behavior to a family living. They wish to live in a happy nuclear family with a kid, husband, and wife, however there is a quick growth in divorce in Nepal owing to misunderstandings in the nuclear family. Both males and females can govern the home and the country in Nepali households.
Everyone in the family, male and female, has equal rights. Every family member understands and is glad for one another, and they can communicate their ideas and views with one another. Young age at marriage in Nepalese households is intimately tied to the common tradition of arranged marriages, in which ties and agreements between families take precedence over individual decisions.
Thus, a drop in extremely early marriage, combined by a decrease in the gap between marriage and cohabitation, may reflect a shift in marital decision-making and an increase in spousal engagement in the construction of their own marital unions. As a result, they will bring about both beneficial and harmful changes in society.
b. We see many elderly people in elderly homes these days in Nepal. Some of them are abandoned while others live there willingly. Do you think Nepali people are deviating from their traditional culture? Give reasons.
Care for the elderly has become a crucial concern in Nepal as a result of the fast-growing old population. In Nepal, where a united family system founded on values predominated, caring for the elderly has never been an issue. The socioeconomic foundation of the typical Nepalese has been the family unit. The families shared the duty of caring for their senior members by providing them with any form of assistance, including emotional, psychological, behavioural, or economic support. They were receiving unwavering respect and worth. They were a part of the family right up until the very end.
With the increasing influence of modernization and new lifestyles resulting in transitional changes in the value systems in recent times, the joint family is breaking down into several scattered nuclear families. Changes in family structure and contemporary changes in the psycho-social matrix and values often compel the elderly to live alone or to shift from their own homes to some institutions or old age homes.
Children’s misbehaviour and financial difficulties frequently cause older people to feel ignorant and without emotional support, which often forces them to choose other locations where they may live without problems. And in the current climate, geriatric homes are being seen as a superior living option along with other factors. The government and non-profit organizations in Nepal must establish plans for institutional support and care for the elderly, and there is a need to create emotional support facilities in these homes.
Writing
a. Write an essay on The Importance of Family. In your essay, you can use these guided questions.
• Why family is important to you.
• Why family is or is not important for society
• How do you think families will change in the future.
The Importance of Family
We must now more than ever understand the value of family in a world where everything is meaningless. Even if the world is getting more contemporary and sophisticated, the family still has the same meaning and values. It makes no difference what sort of family someone is from. As long as there is compassion and acceptance, everything is equal. It makes no difference whether you come from a nuclear family, a joint family, or a family with same-sex partners. Our family is strong because of the bonds we share with our members. Each of us has a different relationship with each family member. A family is, among other things, the strongest group in a person’s life.
The value of family cannot be emphasized enough. They have a significant impact on our lives and help us become better people. The person who is fortunate enough to have a family frequently underestimates its importance. But people without families are aware of their value. Our source of strength is our family. It teaches us the value of relationships. They assist us in developing deep connections with other people. We transmit the affection we receive from our families to the relationships we form on our own.
Families also teach us how to communicate more effectively. We build a better future for ourselves when we spend time with our family, love them, and speak honestly with them. We learn to communicate more effectively with the rest of the world when we maintain our family ties. Families also help us develop patience. It might be challenging at times to have patience with our loved ones. But out of love and respect, we continue to be. In order to deal with the world better, it teaches us patience. Families provide us with self-assurance and a sense of affection. They are the rock-solid pillars that support us and keep us going so that we can improve as people.
The family is crucial to society, as we all know. Without families, society cannot exist since society is made up of one or more family members. Our responsibility to society is increased when we have a family. Social security in society is provided by families. Your family is your social gateway. Without a family, a person’s identity in the social sphere is never complete. And I believe the family will change in the future as a result of the advancement of contemporary technologies. Whereas five to ten years ago, most families lived together in a large household, now the majority of families are organized into nuclear families.
b. Some people think it is better to live in a nuclear family. Other people think that living with an extended family is more advantageous. What do you think? Write an essay discussing the advantages and disadvantages of both.
In my view, both the Extended family and Nuclear family are better at their own place as both of them have some advantages and some disadvantages.
An extended family is a combination of all generations of members. In these families, all members of the family including the children also grow with the belief that they also have certain duties and functions to perform. They should learn to control their demand and expectation. In Nepal, more people prefer to stay with extended family and I’m also one of them in comparison to a nuclear family. The advantage of the extended family is, in the extended family there is a good social and emotional relationship among the family members. There is proper economic and social security. In the extended family, there is proper care and supervision for the children also proper education and control over the problem of adolescence.
The important advantage of the extended family is a sense of protection of culture, tradition and values. There is not only an advantage of an Extended family but also some disadvantages occur in the extended family. In extended it can push back in personality development. There is less privacy. There may be a probability of low living standards. There may be difficult to meet the needs and demands of each member of the family. Less self-confidence and dependency may increase in the extended family
Now talking about the nuclear family, a Nuclear family is composed of a husband, wife and their children, otherwise Extend family is composed of a grandfather, grandmother, parents, brother and their wives, daughter-in-law, grandson etc., who share the same kitchen and shelter up to four generations. Some of the advantages of the nuclear family are that there is high understanding and cooperation among each other, and less possibility of quarrels among family members due to the fewer members.
It is easy to meet the needs and demands of each family. There is freedom of making decisions of their own. Also, there are some disadvantages of having a nuclear family as there is a lack of security and confidence, and there is a lack of proper care for children and old age people. There is a generation gap in respecting the norms and values of people. There is a lack of love and care for the children if the couple is engaged in professions. Thus in short we can say that both the nuclear and extended families are better at their own place.
Grammar
B. Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.
a. ‘How much was your parking ticket?’ ‘Fifty rupees.’ ‘Oh well, it could have been worse.’
b. It must have. got lost in the post. These things happen sometimes.
c. ‘Sorry I’m late. I got delayed at work.’ ‘You must have called. I was really worried about you.’
d. ‘I don’t think he meant to be rude.’ ‘He must have said sorry.’
e. ‘Whose signature is this?’ ‘I don’t know. It could be Manoj’s. That looks a bit like an M.’
f. I had it when I left the office so I mustn’t have. lost it on the way home.
g. You must have thought it was funny, but I think it’s pathetic.
C. Complete the following sentences with appropriate endings. Use correct modal verbs.
a. At the end of the course, we must be prepared for the individual presentation.
b. If you want to earn a lot of money, I would suggest some tips.
c. You were not in your house yesterday. You could have your belongings stolen.
d. I’m quite busy tomorrow. I must visit my dentist.
e. When you were a small kid, you could ask for money from your relatives.
f. My car is broken. I should take it to the service centre.
g. I’ve got fast speed internet at home. I can watch movies in high quality.
h. Even though she didn’t study well, she could solve all the problems.
i. There are plenty of newspapers in the library. You can read any of them if you want.
j. What do you think you were doing, playing on the road? You could have been hit by the car.
k. I have no time. I can’t meet you.
l. You don’t look well. You should take a rest.
