Caste-based untouchability (CBU) in Nepal represents a profound and deeply rooted human rights violation, fundamentally based on birth and affecting the Dalit community across the nation. Despite explicit legal prohibitions and constitutional guarantees against discrimination, this pervasive social evil persists, particularly in rural areas, acting as a significant barrier to social justice and equality. The persistent challenges in its eradication underscore a critical disconnect between progressive legal frameworks and their effective implementation, largely due to deeply ingrained social norms and systemic barriers to justice.

India-Pakistan Conflict: India and Pakistan, born from the 1947 partition, have endured decades of conflict rooted in mistrust, especially over Kashmir. Four major wars, cross-border terrorism, and ongoing military tensions have defined their relationship. Despite efforts for peace, recent attacks and political rhetoric reignite fears of war. Both nations are nuclear-armed, making any escalation potentially catastrophic for the region and beyond. Diplomacy remains crucial to prevent another devastating conflict.